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Synthesis, characterization and fuel parameters analysis of linseed oil biodiesel using cadmium oxide nanoparticles

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  • Tariq, Muhammad
  • Qureshi, Ahmad Kaleem
  • Karim, Shaista
  • Sirajuddin, Muhammad
  • Abbas, Naseem
  • Imran, Muhammad
  • Shirazi, Jaffir Hussain

Abstract

Linseed oil biodiesel (LSOB) was synthesized from linseed oil by cadmium oxide nanoparticles applying transesterification reaction of oil with methanol. Cadmium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through the hydrothermal method using cadmium acetate as precursor, sodium hydroxide for precipitation and urea as capping agent. The main analytical tools such as FT-IR, powder XRD and SE microscope were used to characterize newly prepared cadmium oxide nanoparticles. The appearance of new absorption band at 670 cm−1 has been assigned to Cd–O stretching vibration. XRD pattern indicate the purity and gave average particle size of 52 nm by Debye-Scherer formula. SEM images show granular shape of cadmium oxide nanoparticles with average particle size of 43 nm. The formation of linseed oil biodiesel was investigated using FT-IR and proton & carbon-13 NMR. GC-MS analysis of linseed oil biodiesel indicated six types of fatty acid methyl esters ranging from C16–C22 (mixture of both saturated and unsaturated). The fuel properties such as density, viscosity, cloud, pour and flash point were determined and compared with both ASTM standards for biodiesel and diesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Tariq, Muhammad & Qureshi, Ahmad Kaleem & Karim, Shaista & Sirajuddin, Muhammad & Abbas, Naseem & Imran, Muhammad & Shirazi, Jaffir Hussain, 2021. "Synthesis, characterization and fuel parameters analysis of linseed oil biodiesel using cadmium oxide nanoparticles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:222:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221002632
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Malpartida, Irene & Maireles-Torres, Pedro & Vereda, Carlos & Rodríguez-Maroto, José M. & Halloumi, Samy & Lair, Valentin & Thiel, Julien & Lacoste, François, 2020. "Semi-continuous mechanochemical process for biodiesel production under heterogeneous catalysis using calcium diglyceroxide," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 117-126.
    2. Tariq, Muhammad & Ali, Saqib & Khalid, Nasir, 2012. "Activity of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization of biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 6303-6316.
    3. di Bitonto, Luigi & Reynel-Ávila, Hilda Elizabeth & Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia Ileana & Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián & Durán-Valle, Carlos J. & Pastore, Carlo, 2020. "Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured calcium oxides supported onto biochar and their application as catalysts for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 52-66.
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    1. Torkzaban, Sama & Feyzi, Mostafa & norouzi, Leila, 2022. "A novel robust CaO/ZnFe2O4 hollow magnetic microspheres heterogenous catalyst for synthesis biodiesel from waste frying sunflower oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 996-1007.
    2. Cui, Da & Yin, Helin & Liu, Yupeng & Li, Ji & Pan, Shuo & Wang, Qing, 2022. "Effect of final pyrolysis temperature on the composition and structure of shale oil: Synergistic use of multiple analysis and testing methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).

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