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Decentralized substations for low-temperature district heating with no Legionella risk, and low return temperatures

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  • Yang, Xiaochen
  • Li, Hongwei
  • Svendsen, Svend

Abstract

To improve energy efficiency and give more access to renewable energy sources, low-temperature district heating (LTDH) is a promising concept to be realized in the future. However, concern about Legionella proliferation restricts applying low-temperature district heating in conventional systems with domestic hot water (DHW) circulation. In this study, a system with decentralized substations was analysed as a solution to this problem. Furthermore, a modification for the decentralized substation system were proposed in order to reduce the average return temperature. Models of conventional system with medium-temperature district heating, decentralized substation system with LTDH, and innovative decentralized substation system with LTDH were built based on the information of a case building. The annual distribution heat loss and the operating costs of the three scenarios were calculated and compared. From the results, realizing LTDH by the decentralized substation unit, 30% of the annual distribution heat loss inside the building can be saved compared to a conventional system with medium-temperature district heating. Replacing the bypass pipe with an in-line supply pipe and a heat pump, the innovative decentralized substation system can reduce distribution heat loss by 39% compared to the conventional system and by 12% compared to the normal decentralized substation system with bypass.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Xiaochen & Li, Hongwei & Svendsen, Svend, 2016. "Decentralized substations for low-temperature district heating with no Legionella risk, and low return temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 65-74.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:110:y:2016:i:c:p:65-74
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.073
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brand, Marek & Svendsen, Svend, 2013. "Renewable-based low-temperature district heating for existing buildings in various stages of refurbishment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 311-319.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone Ferrari & Milad Zoghi & Giancarlo Paganin & Giuliano Dall’O’, 2023. "A Practical Review to Support the Implementation of Smart Solutions within Neighbourhood Building Stock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-35, July.
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    3. Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Tunzi, Michele & Esbensen, Torben, 2024. "Aftercooling concept: An innovative substation ready for 4th generation district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    4. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
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    6. Tina Lidberg & Thomas Olofsson & Louise Ödlund, 2019. "Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Polyvianchuk, Andrii & Semenenko, Roman & Kapustenko, Petro & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Arsenyeva, Olga, 2023. "The efficiency of innovative technologies for transition to 4th generation of district heating systems in Ukraine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    8. Pomianowski, M.Z. & Johra, H. & Marszal-Pomianowska, A. & Zhang, C., 2020. "Sustainable and energy-efficient domestic hot water systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    9. Anna Grzegórska & Piotr Rybarczyk & Valdas Lukoševičius & Joanna Sobczak & Andrzej Rogala, 2021. "Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, January.
    10. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Smith, Kevin Michael & Tunzi, Michele & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    11. Marco Pellegrini & Augusto Bianchini, 2018. "The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    12. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2018. "Novel low temperature heat distribution technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 526-539.
    13. Gerald Schweiger & Fabian Kuttin & Alfred Posch, 2019. "District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-15, December.
    14. Volkova, Anna & Mašatin, Vladislav & Siirde, Andres, 2018. "Methodology for evaluating the transition process dynamics towards 4th generation district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 253-261.
    15. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    16. Vandermeulen, Annelies & Van Oevelen, Tijs & van der Heijde, Bram & Helsen, Lieve, 2020. "A simulation-based evaluation of substation models for network flexibility characterisation in district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    17. Alessandro Guzzini & Marco Pellegrini & Edoardo Pelliconi & Cesare Saccani, 2020. "Low Temperature District Heating: An Expert Opinion Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-34, February.
    18. Tommy Rosén & Louise Ödlund, 2019. "Active Management of Heat Customers Towards Lower District Heating Return Water Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, May.
    19. Chu, Shunzhou & Sethuvenkatraman, Subbu & Goldsworthy, Mark & Yuan, Guofeng, 2022. "Techno-economic assessment of solar assisted precinct level heating systems with seasonal heat storage for Australian cities," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 841-853.
    20. Víctor M. Soltero & Ricardo Chacartegui & Carlos Ortiz & Gonzalo Quirosa, 2018. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, November.
    21. Dino, Giuseppe Edoardo & Catrini, Pietro & Buscemi, Alessandro & Piacentino, Antonio & Palomba, Valeria & Frazzica, Andrea, 2023. "Modeling of a bidirectional substation in a district heating network: Validation, dynamic analysis, and application to a solar prosumer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    22. Leoni, Paolo & Geyer, Roman & Schmidt, Ralf-Roman, 2020. "Developing innovative business models for reducing return temperatures in district heating systems: Approach and first results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).

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