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Hybrid systems to address seasonal mismatches between electricity production and demand in nuclear renewable electrical grids

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  • Forsberg, Charles

Abstract

A strategy to enable zero-carbon variable electricity production with full utilization of renewable and nuclear energy sources has been developed. Wind and solar systems send electricity to the grid. Nuclear plants operate at full capacity with variable steam to turbines to match electricity demand with production (renewables and nuclear). Excess steam at times of low electricity prices and electricity demand go to hybrid fuel production and storage systems. The characteristic of these hybrid technologies is that the economic penalties for variable nuclear steam inputs are small. Three hybrid systems were identified that could be deployed at the required scale. The first option is the gigawatt-year hourly-to-seasonal heat storage system where excess steam from the nuclear plant is used to heat rock a kilometer underground to create an artificial geothermal heat source. The heat source produces electricity on demand using geothermal technology. The second option uses steam from the nuclear plant and electricity from the grid with high-temperature electrolysis (HTR) cells to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is primarily for industrial applications; however, the HTE can be operated in reverse using hydrogen for peak electricity production. The third option uses variable steam and electricity for shale oil production.

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  • Forsberg, Charles, 2013. "Hybrid systems to address seasonal mismatches between electricity production and demand in nuclear renewable electrical grids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 333-341.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:62:y:2013:i:c:p:333-341
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.057
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Denholm, Paul & Margolis, Robert M., 2007. "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2852-2861, May.
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    1. Ehteshami, Seyyed Mohsen Mousavi & Chan, S.H., 2014. "The role of hydrogen and fuel cells to store renewable energy in the future energy network – potentials and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 103-109.
    2. Popov, Dimityr & Borissova, Ana, 2017. "Innovative configuration of a hybrid nuclear-solar tower power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 736-746.
    3. Pfenninger, Stefan & Keirstead, James, 2015. "Comparing concentrating solar and nuclear power as baseload providers using the example of South Africa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 303-314.
    4. Epiney, A. & Rabiti, C. & Talbot, P. & Alfonsi, A., 2020. "Economic analysis of a nuclear hybrid energy system in a stochastic environment including wind turbines in an electricity grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).

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