Restarts delay escape over a potential barrier

In the barrier escape problem, a random searcher starting at the energy minima tries to escape the barrier under the effect of thermal fluctuations. If the random searcher is subject to successive restarts at the bottom of the well, then its escape over the barrier top is delayed compared to the time it would take in absence of restarts. When restarting at an intermediate location, the time required by the random searcher to go from the bottom of the well to the restart location should be considered. Taking into account this time overhead, we find that restarts delay escape, independent of the specific nature of the distribution of restart times, or the location of restart, or the specific details of the random searcher, or the detailed form of the potential energy function; as long as the motion is taking place in a bounded interval. For the special case of Poisson restarts, we study the escape problem for a Brownian particle with a position-dependent restart rate r(x)θ(x0p−x), with x0p being the location of restart. We find that position-dependent restarts delay the escape as compared to Kramers escape time, independent of the specific details of the function r(x). In such a scenario, competing strategies like fluctuating barriers provide a better speed-up for the escape process. We also study ways of modifying time overheads which help expedite escape under restarts.