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Host regulation and seasonality generate population chaos in a fig-wasp mutualism

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  • Wang, Lin
  • Wang, Rui-Wu

Abstract

Mutualistic interactions between species play a key role in ecosystem function. Theoretical models and laboratory experiments suggest that mutualistic systems can display chaotic population dynamics. Evidence of mutualistic chaos in nature, however, is rare and poorly understood. Here, we show the existence of chaotic behaviour in a mutualistic system. We combine a mathematical model with field data to analyse population fluctuations and the stability of a host-mutualist-exploiter system. Our goal is to understand whether the system can evolve to a steady state and under what environmental conditions. We establish a discrete, seasonally explicit host-mutualist-exploiter model and estimate the parameters using data collected in the field. Model simulations show that the host decreases the ratio of extra reward to host sanction to maintain its higher population density when external environment variation (such as variation in seasonal temperature) is small. The model parameterized with field data predicts that host regulation and environmental variation together, but not individually, can lead to population chaos. Our work provides a new mechanism of population chaos in a mutualistic system and may inspire more interest in exploring chaotic dynamics in natural ecological systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Lin & Wang, Rui-Wu, 2022. "Host regulation and seasonality generate population chaos in a fig-wasp mutualism," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 165(P2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:165:y:2022:i:p2:s0960077922009900
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112811
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. Toby Kiers & Robert A. Rousseau & Stuart A. West & R. Ford Denison, 2003. "Host sanctions and the legume–rhizobium mutualism," Nature, Nature, vol. 425(6953), pages 78-81, September.
    2. Jef Huisman & Franz J. Weissing, 1999. "Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos," Nature, Nature, vol. 402(6760), pages 407-410, November.
    3. B. T. Grenfell & K. Wilson & B. F. Finkenstädt & T. N. Coulson & S. Murray & S. D. Albon & J. M. Pemberton & T. H. Clutton-Brock & M. J. Crawley, 1998. "Noise and determinism in synchronized sheep dynamics," Nature, Nature, vol. 394(6694), pages 674-677, August.
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