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Impact of electric vehicles on post-disaster power supply restoration of urban distribution systems

Author

Listed:
  • Du, Ying
  • Zhang, Junxiang
  • Chen, Yuntian
  • Liu, Zhengguang
  • Zhang, Haoran
  • Ji, Haoran
  • Wang, Chengshan
  • Yan, Jinyue

Abstract

The resilience of the urban distribution system is crucial for resisting increasingly frequent disasters under climate change. In the context of extensive penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) into the distribution system, this study investigates the potential of EVs as an auxiliary power source for post-disaster power supply restoration using actual data from Shanghai. A coupling system comprising the traffic network and the urban distribution system was established, where the travel and charging patterns of EVs were modeled using actual data. Based on that, the spatio-temporal available EV power at different Vehicle to Grid (V2G) stations can be estimated after calculating EVs’ on-road power consumption and considering the V2G response policy. A post-disaster power supply restoration scheme that incorporates V2G participation was proposed, leading to a better restoration strategy that fully utilizes V2G capabilities. It can be found that V2G based restoration scheme demonstrates superior performance in enhancing grid resilience during disaster scenarios, as quantified by various resilience indicators including power loss, response speed, and recovery degree. Additionally, the model offers spatio-temporal insights for disaster prevention by leveraging V2G technology, identifying critical times and locations for effective defense during disasters. This paper also predicted the benefits of V2G under varying future EV penetration rates and response rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Du, Ying & Zhang, Junxiang & Chen, Yuntian & Liu, Zhengguang & Zhang, Haoran & Ji, Haoran & Wang, Chengshan & Yan, Jinyue, 2025. "Impact of electric vehicles on post-disaster power supply restoration of urban distribution systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 383(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:383:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925000327
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shen, Yueqing & Qian, Tong & Li, Weiwei & Zhao, Wei & Tang, Wenhu & Chen, Xingyu & Yu, Zeyuan, 2023. "Mobile energy storage systems with spatial–temporal flexibility for post-disaster recovery of power distribution systems: A bilevel optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
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    3. Mehrjerdi, Hasan, 2021. "Resilience oriented vehicle-to-home operation based on battery swapping mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    1. Bingchao Zhang & Chunyang Gong & Songli Fan & Jian Wang & Tianyuan Yu & Zhixin Wang, 2025. "Research on Mobile Energy Storage Configuration and Path Planning Strategy Under Dual Source-Load Uncertainty in Typhoon Disasters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Sun, Shaohua & Li, Gengfeng & Bie, Zhaohong & Zhang, Dingmao & Huang, Yuxiong, 2025. "Hybrid multi-agent deep reinforcement learning for multi-type mobile resources dispatching under transportation and power network recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 399(C).
    3. Salehpour, Mohammad Javad & Abbasi, Maysam & Hossain, M.J., 2026. "AI-powered vehicle-to-home energy management for grid outage response: A pathway to policy-ready energy resilience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    4. Koh, Myung Bae & Conejo, Antonio J. & Wu, Xuan, 2026. "Resilience enhancement of a distribution system via electric-vehicle garages," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
    5. Song, Yingjie & Ngoduy, Dong & Ding, Chuan, 2026. "Coordinated emergency resource allocation for resilience enhancement in post-disaster electrified transportation networks," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    6. Mei, Haozhou & Wu, Qiong & Ren, Hongbo & Zhang, Jinli & Li, Qifen, 2025. "Optimization of electric vehicle charging station layout considering the improvement of distribution network resilience under extreme disasters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    7. Chen, Jiajia & Liu, Fengwei & Wang, Yanxin & Li, Yuanzheng, 2026. "Emergency scheduling of virtual energy storage based on continuous-time model for resilience enhancement under extreme events," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).

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