IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v324y2022ics0306261922010029.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Molten chloride salt technology for next-generation CSP plants: Compatibility of Fe-based alloys with purified molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt at 700 °C

Author

Listed:
  • Gong, Qing
  • Shi, Hao
  • Chai, Yan
  • Yu, Rui
  • Weisenburger, Alfons
  • Wang, Dihua
  • Bonk, Alexander
  • Bauer, Thomas
  • Ding, Wenjin

Abstract

Molten chlorides, such as MgCl2-KCl-NaCl, are promising advanced high-temperature (up to 800 °C) thermal energy storage (TES) materials in next-generation concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. However, their high corrosivity to commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys impedes the commercial applications of chloride-TES. In this work, we investigated the corrosion of two selected commercial Fe-based alloys (SS 310 and In 800H) in molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt, aiming to study the feasibility of affordable Fe-based alloys instead of expensive Ni-based alloys in the chloride-TES system. The alloy samples were immersed in the liquid-Mg-purified molten salt at 700 °C for 2000 h under a protective inert gas atmosphere. After the corrosion test, SEM-EDX microstructural analysis and mass loss analysis showed that corrosion rates of the immersed alloy samples were lower than 15 µm/year, and the corrosion rates had a decreasing tendency with increasing immersion time during the 2000-hour test. To our best knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration that corrosion rates of the Fe-based alloys in molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt at 700 °C can be controlled below the target (15 µm/year) proposed by the US Department of Energy (DOE). Using affordable Fe-based alloys as main structural materials, the cost of chloride-TES (27 USD/kWh) could be comparable to that of commercial nitrate-TES (20–33 USD/kWh). Taking advantage of chloride-TES with higher operating temperature, the next-generation CSP plant could use an advanced power cycle (e.g., sCO2 Brayton) to have a much higher energy conversion efficiency, leading to a significantly lower Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) than the current commercial CSP plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Gong, Qing & Shi, Hao & Chai, Yan & Yu, Rui & Weisenburger, Alfons & Wang, Dihua & Bonk, Alexander & Bauer, Thomas & Ding, Wenjin, 2022. "Molten chloride salt technology for next-generation CSP plants: Compatibility of Fe-based alloys with purified molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt at 700 °C," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:324:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922010029
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119708
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922010029
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119708?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Villada, Carolina & Bonk, Alexander & Bauer, Thomas & Bolívar, Francisco, 2018. "High-temperature stability of nitrate/nitrite molten salt mixtures under different atmospheres," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 107-115.
    2. Wei, Xiaolan & Song, Ming & Wang, Weilong & Ding, Jing & Yang, Jianping, 2015. "Design and thermal properties of a novel ternary chloride eutectics for high-temperature solar energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 306-310.
    3. Vignarooban, K. & Xu, Xinhai & Arvay, A. & Hsu, K. & Kannan, A.M., 2015. "Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 383-396.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Adrián Caraballo & Santos Galán-Casado & Ángel Caballero & Sara Serena, 2021. "Molten Salts for Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: A Review and an Energy Performance Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Zhang, Shengchun & Wang, Zhifeng & Wu, Zhiyong & Bai, Fengwu & Huang, Pingrui, 2019. "Numerical investigation of the heat transport in a very loose packed granular bed air receiver with a non-uniform energy flux distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 987-998.
    3. Sadeghi, Shayan & Ghandehariun, Samane, 2022. "A standalone solar thermochemical water splitting hydrogen plant with high-temperature molten salt: Thermodynamic and economic analyses and multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    4. Delise, T. & Tizzoni, A.C. & Menale, C. & Telling, M.T.F. & Bubbico, R. & Crescenzi, T. & Corsaro, N. & Sau, S. & Licoccia, S., 2020. "Technical and economic analysis of a CSP plant presenting a low freezing ternary mixture as storage and transfer fluid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    5. Zhao, Yawen & Hong, Hui & Jin, Hongguang, 2017. "Optimization of the solar field size for the solar–coal hybrid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1162-1172.
    6. Bravo, Ruben & Ortiz, Carlos & Chacartegui, Ricardo & Friedrich, Daniel, 2021. "Multi-objective optimisation and guidelines for the design of dispatchable hybrid solar power plants with thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    7. Mostafavi Tehrani, S. Saeed & Shoraka, Yashar & Nithyanandam, Karthik & Taylor, Robert A., 2019. "Shell-and-tube or packed bed thermal energy storage systems integrated with a concentrated solar power: A techno-economic comparison of sensible and latent heat systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 887-910.
    8. Gunasekara, Saman Nimali & Martin, Viktoria & Chiu, Justin Ningwei, 2017. "Phase equilibrium in the design of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: State-of-the-art," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 558-581.
    9. Feng, Penghui & Wu, Zhen & Zhang, Yang & Yang, Fusheng & Wang, Yuqi & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2018. "Multi-level configuration and optimization of a thermal energy storage system using a metal hydride pair," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 25-36.
    10. Yang, S. & Sensoy, T.S. & Ordonez, J.C., 2018. "Dynamic 3D volume element model of a parabolic trough solar collector for simulation and optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 509-526.
    11. Yong, Qingqing & Jin, Kaiyuan & Li, Xiaobo & Yang, Ronggui, 2023. "Thermo-economic analysis for a novel grid-scale pumped thermal electricity storage system coupled with a coal-fired power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    12. Manzolini, Giampaolo & Lucca, Gaia & Binotti, Marco & Lozza, Giovanni, 2021. "A two-step procedure for the selection of innovative high temperature heat transfer fluids in solar tower power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 807-822.
    13. Saranprabhu, M.K. & Rajan, K.S., 2019. "Magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed solar salt with improved solid phase thermal conductivity and specific heat for latent heat thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 451-459.
    14. Peiró, Gerard & Prieto, Cristina & Gasia, Jaume & Jové, Aleix & Miró, Laia & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2018. "Two-tank molten salts thermal energy storage system for solar power plants at pilot plant scale: Lessons learnt and recommendations for its design, start-up and operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 236-248.
    15. Wang, Wujun & Fan, Liwu & Laumert, Björn, 2021. "A theoretical heat transfer analysis of different indirectly-irradiated receiver designs for high-temperature concentrating solar power applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1983-1993.
    16. Mena, R. & Escobar, R. & Lorca, Á. & Negrete-Pincetic, M. & Olivares, D., 2019. "The impact of concentrated solar power in electric power systems: A Chilean case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 258-283.
    17. Zhang, Qiangqiang & Li, Xin & Wang, Zhifeng & Li, Zhi & Liu, Hong, 2018. "Function testing and failure analysis of control system for molten salt receiver system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 260-268.
    18. Conroy, Tim & Collins, Maurice N. & Fisher, James & Grimes, Ronan, 2018. "Thermal and mechanical analysis of a sodium-cooled solar receiver operating under a novel heliostat aiming point strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 590-614.
    19. Sau, S. & Corsaro, N. & Crescenzi, T. & D’Ottavi, C. & Liberatore, R. & Licoccia, S. & Russo, V. & Tarquini, P. & Tizzoni, A.C., 2016. "Techno-economic comparison between CSP plants presenting two different heat transfer fluids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 96-109.
    20. Du, Lichan & Ding, Jing & Tian, Heqing & Wang, Weilong & Wei, Xiaolan & Song, Ming, 2017. "Thermal properties and thermal stability of the ternary eutectic salt NaCl-CaCl2-MgCl2 used in high-temperature thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1225-1230.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:324:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922010029. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.