IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v276y2020ics0306261920309454.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thermal energy storage using phase change materials: Techno-economic evaluation of a cold storage installation in an office building

Author

Listed:
  • Tan, Pepe
  • Lindberg, Patrik
  • Eichler, Kaia
  • Löveryd, Per
  • Johansson, Pär
  • Kalagasidis, Angela Sasic

Abstract

Utilizing the latent heat of solidification and melting of so-called phase change materials (PCMs) allows higher storage densities and increased process flexibility within energy systems. However, there is an existing gap in the current literature studying simultaneously the technical and economic performance of these thermal energy storages within an actual application. Thus, in this work a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of a full-scale storage with 7000 L salt-hydrate surrounding a polypropylene capillary tube heat exchanger is presented. The storage is located in a multi-story office building in Gothenburg, Sweden and is used for daily peak shaving of the building’s cooling energy demands. The daily utilizable storage capacity for the installation was determined to be 99kWh, which is 36% of the installed capacity given by the storage manufacturer. The major limiting factor were found to be 60–75% smaller charging rates than what was designed by the manufacturer. Using a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) to yield optimum scheduling, the storage investment cost limit for a 5 year payback time can be estimated as 9804 SEK (≈ 921 EUR). These developed key performance indicators can be readily compared against alternative storage technologies and designs in order to select the optimal storage design for equivalent applications. Future work is needed to investigate reasons behind the lower than expected storage capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Tan, Pepe & Lindberg, Patrik & Eichler, Kaia & Löveryd, Per & Johansson, Pär & Kalagasidis, Angela Sasic, 2020. "Thermal energy storage using phase change materials: Techno-economic evaluation of a cold storage installation in an office building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:276:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920309454
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115433
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920309454
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115433?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oró, E. & de Gracia, A. & Castell, A. & Farid, M.M. & Cabeza, L.F., 2012. "Review on phase change materials (PCMs) for cold thermal energy storage applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 513-533.
    2. Arteconi, A. & Hewitt, N.J. & Polonara, F., 2012. "State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 371-389.
    3. Aneke, Mathew & Wang, Meihong, 2016. "Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 350-377.
    4. Navarro, Lidia & de Gracia, Alvaro & Colclough, Shane & Browne, Maria & McCormack, Sarah J. & Griffiths, Philip & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Thermal energy storage in building integrated thermal systems: A review. Part 1. active storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 526-547.
    5. Pointner, Harald & de Gracia, Alvaro & Vogel, Julian & Tay, N.H.S. & Liu, Ming & Johnson, Maike & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Computational efficiency in numerical modeling of high temperature latent heat storage: Comparison of selected software tools based on experimental data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 337-348.
    6. Comodi, Gabriele & Carducci, Francesco & Sze, Jia Yin & Balamurugan, Nagarajan & Romagnoli, Alessandro, 2017. "Storing energy for cooling demand management in tropical climates: A techno-economic comparison between different energy storage technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 676-694.
    7. Navarro, Lidia & de Gracia, Alvaro & Niall, Dervilla & Castell, Albert & Browne, Maria & McCormack, Sarah J. & Griffiths, Philip & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Thermal energy storage in building integrated thermal systems: A review. Part 2. Integration as passive system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1334-1356.
    8. Alizadeh, M. & Sadrameli, S.M., 2016. "Development of free cooling based ventilation technology for buildings: Thermal energy storage (TES) unit, performance enhancement techniques and design considerations – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 619-645.
    9. Alam, Morshed & Zou, Patrick X.W. & Sanjayan, Jay & Ramakrishnan, Sayanthan, 2019. "Energy saving performance assessment and lessons learned from the operation of an active phase change materials system in a multi-storey building in Melbourne," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1582-1595.
    10. Castell, A. & Solé, C., 2015. "An overview on design methodologies for liquid–solid PCM storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 289-307.
    11. Dutil, Yvan & Rousse, Daniel R. & Salah, Nizar Ben & Lassue, Stéphane & Zalewski, Laurent, 2011. "A review on phase-change materials: Mathematical modeling and simulations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 112-130, January.
    12. Tay, N.H.S. & Belusko, M. & Bruno, F., 2012. "An effectiveness-NTU technique for characterising tube-in-tank phase change thermal energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 309-319.
    13. Li, Shuang-Fei & Liu, Zhen-hua & Wang, Xue-Jiao, 2019. "A comprehensive review on positive cold energy storage technologies and applications in air conditioning with phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    14. Heier, Johan & Bales, Chris & Martin, Viktoria, 2015. "Combining thermal energy storage with buildings – a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1305-1325.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muriel Iten, 2021. "Techno-Economic Assessment of an Air-Multiple PCM Active Storage Unit for Free Cooling Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-10, November.
    2. Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kim, Hoon & Jeon, Yongseok & Kwon, Ki Hyun, 2022. "Performance characteristics of mobile cooling system utilizing ice thermal energy storage with direct contact discharging for a refrigerated truck," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kim, Hoon & Kim, Jong Hoon & Kim, Ji Young, 2023. "Evaporative cooling performance characteristics in ice thermal energy storage with direct contact discharging for food cold storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    4. Cheng, Jiaji & Kang, Moyun & Liu, Yuqi & Niu, Shaoshuai & Guan, Yu & Qu, Wenjuan & Li, Shaoxiang, 2022. "The preparation and characterization of thermal expansion capric acid microcapsules for controlling temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    5. Zhang, Yichi & Johansson, Pär & Kalagasidis, Angela Sasic, 2021. "Techno-economic assessment of thermal energy storage technologies for demand-side management in low-temperature individual heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    6. Heine, Karl & Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar & Deru, Michael, 2021. "Design and dispatch optimization of packaged ice storage systems within a connected community," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lizana, Jesús & Chacartegui, Ricardo & Barrios-Padura, Angela & Ortiz, Carlos, 2018. "Advanced low-carbon energy measures based on thermal energy storage in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3705-3749.
    2. Lizana, Jesús & Chacartegui, Ricardo & Barrios-Padura, Angela & Valverde, José Manuel, 2017. "Advances in thermal energy storage materials and their applications towards zero energy buildings: A critical review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 219-239.
    3. Zeinelabdein, Rami & Omer, Siddig & Gan, Guohui, 2018. "Critical review of latent heat storage systems for free cooling in buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2843-2868.
    4. Behzadi, Amirmohammad & Holmberg, Sture & Duwig, Christophe & Haghighat, Fariborz & Ooka, Ryozo & Sadrizadeh, Sasan, 2022. "Smart design and control of thermal energy storage in low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling systems: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    5. Rostami, Sara & Afrand, Masoud & Shahsavar, Amin & Sheikholeslami, M. & Kalbasi, Rasool & Aghakhani, Saeed & Shadloo, Mostafa Safdari & Oztop, Hakan F., 2020. "A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nano-PCM and their application in energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    6. Finck, Christian & Li, Rongling & Kramer, Rick & Zeiler, Wim, 2018. "Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 409-425.
    7. Cabeza, Luisa F. & de Gracia, Alvaro & Zsembinszki, Gabriel & Borri, Emiliano, 2021. "Perspectives on thermal energy storage research," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Nelson, James & Johnson, Nathan G. & Chinimilli, Prudhvi Tej & Zhang, Wenlong, 2019. "Residential cooling using separated and coupled precooling and thermal energy storage strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Jankowski, Nicholas R. & McCluskey, F. Patrick, 2014. "A review of phase change materials for vehicle component thermal buffering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1525-1561.
    10. Soares, N. & Bastos, J. & Pereira, L. Dias & Soares, A. & Amaral, A.R. & Asadi, E. & Rodrigues, E. & Lamas, F.B. & Monteiro, H. & Lopes, M.A.R. & Gaspar, A.R., 2017. "A review on current advances in the energy and environmental performance of buildings towards a more sustainable built environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 845-860.
    11. Bastien, Diane & Athienitis, Andreas K., 2018. "Passive thermal energy storage, part 1: Design concepts and metrics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1319-1327.
    12. Saffari, Mohammad & de Gracia, Alvaro & Ushak, Svetlana & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2017. "Passive cooling of buildings with phase change materials using whole-building energy simulation tools: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1239-1255.
    13. Dominković, D.F. & Gianniou, P. & Münster, M. & Heller, A. & Rode, C., 2018. "Utilizing thermal building mass for storage in district heating systems: Combined building level simulations and system level optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 949-966.
    14. Xinghui Zhang & Qili Shi & Lingai Luo & Yilin Fan & Qian Wang & Guanguan Jia, 2021. "Research Progress on the Phase Change Materials for Cold Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-46, December.
    15. Saffari, Mohammad & de Gracia, Alvaro & Fernández, Cèsar & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2017. "Simulation-based optimization of PCM melting temperature to improve the energy performance in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 420-434.
    16. Cabaleiro, D. & Agresti, F. & Fedele, L. & Barison, S. & Hermida-Merino, C. & Losada-Barreiro, S. & Bobbo, S. & Piñeiro, M.M., 2022. "Review on phase change material emulsions for advanced thermal management: Design, characterization and thermal performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    17. Veerakumar, C. & Sreekumar, A., 2020. "Thermo-physical investigation and experimental discharge characteristics of lauryl alcohol as a potential phase change material for thermal management in buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 492-503.
    18. Homod, Raad Z., 2018. "Analysis and optimization of HVAC control systems based on energy and performance considerations for smart buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 49-64.
    19. Fei, Wenbin & Bandeira Neto, Luis A. & Dai, Sheng & Cortes, Douglas D. & Narsilio, Guillermo A., 2023. "Numerical analyses of energy screw pile filled with phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 865-879.
    20. He, Zhaoyu & Guo, Weimin & Zhang, Peng, 2022. "Performance prediction, optimal design and operational control of thermal energy storage using artificial intelligence methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:276:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920309454. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.