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Analysis of an integrated packed bed thermal energy storage system for heat recovery in compressed air energy storage technology

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  • Ortega-Fernández, Iñigo
  • Zavattoni, Simone A.
  • Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier
  • D'Aguanno, Bruno
  • Barbato, Maurizio C.

Abstract

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) represents a very attracting option to grid electric energy storage. Although this technology is mature and well established, its overall electricity-to-electricity cycle efficiency is lower with respect to other alternatives such as pumped hydroelectric energy storage. A meager heat management strategy in the CAES technology is among the main reasons of this gap of efficiency. In current CAES plants, during the compression stage, a large amount of thermal energy is produced and wasted. On the other hand, during the electricity generation stage, an extensive heat supply is required, currently provided by burning natural gas. In this work, the coupling of both CAES stages through a thermal energy storage (TES) unit is introduced as an effective solution to achieve a noticeable increase of the overall CAES cycle efficiency. In this frame, the thermal energy produced in the compression stage is stored in a TES unit for its subsequent deployment during the expansion stage, realizing an Adiabatic-CAES plant. The present study addresses the conceptual design of a TES system based on a packed bed of gravel to be integrated in an Adiabatic-CAES plant. With this objective, a complete thermo-fluid dynamics model has been developed, including the implications derived from the TES operating under variable-pressure conditions. The formulation and treatment of the high pressure conditions were found being particularly relevant issues. Finally, the model provided a detailed performance and efficiency analysis of the TES system under charge/discharge cyclic conditions including a realistic operative scenario. Overall, the results show the high potential of integrating this type of TES systems in a CAES plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Ortega-Fernández, Iñigo & Zavattoni, Simone A. & Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier & D'Aguanno, Bruno & Barbato, Maurizio C., 2017. "Analysis of an integrated packed bed thermal energy storage system for heat recovery in compressed air energy storage technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 280-293.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:205:y:2017:i:c:p:280-293
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.039
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    5. Roos, P. & Haselbacher, A., 2022. "Analytical modeling of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage: Literature review and new models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    6. Ortega-Fernández, Iñigo & Hernández, Ana Belén & Wang, Yang & Bielsa, Daniel, 2021. "Performance assessment of an oil-based packed bed thermal energy storage unit in a demonstration concentrated solar power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Ortega-Fernández, Iñigo & Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier, 2019. "Thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in the steelworks: The case study of the REslag project," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 708-719.
    8. Li, Peng & Hu, Qingya & Han, Zhonghe & Wang, Changxin & Wang, Runxia & Han, Xu & Wang, Yongzhen, 2022. "Thermodynamic analysis and multi-objective optimization of a trigenerative system based on compressed air energy storage under different working media and heating storage media," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    9. Liu, Qingshan & Liu, Yingwen & Liu, Hongjiang & He, Zhilong & Xue, Xiaodai, 2022. "Comprehensive assessment and performance enhancement of compressed air energy storage: thermodynamic effect of ambient temperature," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 84-98.
    10. Yang, Lizhong & Villalobos, Uver & Akhmetov, Bakytzhan & Gil, Antoni & Khor, Jun Onn & Palacios, Anabel & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Tan, Wooi Leong & Romagnoli, Alessandro, 2021. "A comprehensive review on sub-zero temperature cold thermal energy storage materials, technologies, and applications: State of the art and recent developments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Roos, Philipp & Haselbacher, Andreas, 2021. "Thermocline control through multi-tank thermal-energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    12. Singh, Shobhana & Sørensen, Kim & Condra, Thomas & Batz, Søren Søndergaard & Kristensen, Kristian, 2019. "Investigation on transient performance of a large-scale packed-bed thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1114-1129.
    13. Lou, Wanruo & Xie, Baoshan & Aubril, Julien & Fan, Yilin & Luo, Lingai & Arrivé, Arnaud, 2023. "Optimized flow distributor for stabilized thermal stratification in a single-medium thermocline storage tank: A numerical and experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    14. Cui, Zheng & Shao, Wei & Chen, Zhaoyou & Cheng, Lin, 2017. "Mathematical model and numerical solutions for the coupled gas–solid heat transfer process in moving packed beds," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1297-1308.

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