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Hierarchical market integration of responsive loads as spinning reserve

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, D.
  • Parkinson, S.
  • Miao, W.
  • Jia, H.
  • Crawford, C.
  • Djilali, N.

Abstract

In this paper, a new market integration approach for responsive loads is proposed. Large, spatially-distributed populations of heat pumps, electric vehicles, and electrolyzers are integrated into the conventional security constrained economic dispatch formulation using a hierarchical load management policy. Regional pockets of responsive loads are aggregated into models that describe population dynamics as an equivalent virtual power plant. This demand-side virtual power plant is then integrated into the market as a new source of spinning reserves. The potential impact of reserve capacity supported by responsive loads on the operating characteristics of the power system is investigated using a bottom-up modeling framework. Results indicate that by supplying spinning reserve, responsive loads can increase the flexibility of existing resources within the active power portion of the market. The hierarchical market integration policy enhances both the technical and economic efficiency of the power system, reduces operating costs and emissions, and supports increasing levels of variable generation on the grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, D. & Parkinson, S. & Miao, W. & Jia, H. & Crawford, C. & Djilali, N., 2013. "Hierarchical market integration of responsive loads as spinning reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 229-238.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:104:y:2013:i:c:p:229-238
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Behrangrad, Mahdi & Sugihara, Hideharu & Funaki, Tsuyoshi, 2011. "Effect of optimal spinning reserve requirement on system pollution emission considering reserve supplying demand response in the electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2548-2558, July.
    2. Wang, D. & Parkinson, S. & Miao, W. & Jia, H. & Crawford, C. & Djilali, N., 2012. "Online voltage security assessment considering comfort-constrained demand response control of distributed heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 104-114.
    3. Aalami, H.A. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Yousefi, G.R., 2010. "Demand response modeling considering Interruptible/Curtailable loads and capacity market programs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 243-250, January.
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