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Laboratory experiment on drip emitter clogging with fresh water and treated sewage effluent

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  • Liu, Haijun
  • Huang, Guanhua

Abstract

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the emitter performance of three commonly used emitter types with the application of freshwater and treated sewage effluent (TSE). The three emitter types are the inline-labyrinth types of emitters with a turbulent flow (E1) and a laminar flow (E2) and the online pressure-compensation type of emitters (E3). The qualities of freshwater and TSE were measured, and the emitter performance was evaluated, using the relative emitter discharge, the reduction of emitter discharge (qreduction), the coefficient of variation of emitter discharge (CV), the emission uniformity (EU), Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), and the percentage of emitter clogging (Pclog). Results showed that all indices were affected by water quality, emitter type and time of operation. The values of qreduction, CV and Pclog for the TSE treatments were greater than those for the freshwater treatments. The values of EU and CU for the TSE treatment were lower than those for the freshwater treatments. The qreduction, CV and Pclog increased and the EU and CU decreased as operational time increasing for the TSE treatment. For both freshwater and TSE treatments, the emitter clogging was more severe, the CV was greater, and the EU and CU were smaller for emitter type E2 than those for emitter types E1 and E3. Thus a more severe clogging was found for emitter type E2 due to its smaller flow-path dimension and higher manufacturing coefficient of variation in addition to the high pH values and relatively high total dissolved solids (TDS) values of the used water. Analyses of water quality and the precipitation components inside and at the outlet of emitters revealed that chemical precipitation was the main reason for emitter clogging due to high pH and ions' concentration, especially in the TSE. Flushing emitters and drip pipes did not efficiently alleviate emitter clogging caused by chemical precipitation. In a conclusion, emitter type E3 showed a better anti-clogging function than emitter types E1 and E2 and was recommended for irrigation with TSE in the Beijing area of China.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Haijun & Huang, Guanhua, 2009. "Laboratory experiment on drip emitter clogging with fresh water and treated sewage effluent," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 745-756, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:96:y:2009:i:5:p:745-756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Zhou, Bo & Wang, Tianzhi & Li, Yunkai & Bralts, Vincent, 2017. "Effects of microbial community variation on bio-clogging in drip irrigation emitters using reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 139-149.
    7. Song, Peng & Li, Yunkai & Zhou, Bo & Zhou, Chunfa & Zhang, Zhijing & Li, Jiusheng, 2017. "Controlling mechanism of chlorination on emitter bio-clogging for drip irrigation using reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 36-45.
    8. Li, Yunkai & Pan, Jiachong & Chen, Xiuzhi & Xue, Song & Feng, Ji & Muhammad, Tahir & Zhou, Bo, 2019. "Dynamic effects of chemical precipitates on drip irrigation system clogging using water with high sediment and salt loads," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 833-842.
    9. Puig-Bargués, J. & Arbat, G. & Elbana, M. & Duran-Ros, M. & Barragán, J. & de Cartagena, F. Ramírez & Lamm, F.R., 2010. "Effect of flushing frequency on emitter clogging in microirrigation with effluents," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(6), pages 883-891, June.
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    11. Morey Burnham & Zhao Ma & Delan Zhu, 2015. "The human dimensions of water saving irrigation: lessons learned from Chinese smallholder farmers," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 32(2), pages 347-360, June.
    12. Deepak Singh & Neelam Patel & Agossou Gadedjisso-Tossou & Sridhar Patra & Nisha Singh & Pushpendra Kumar Singh, 2020. "Incidence of Escherichia coli in Vegetable Crops and Soil Profile Drip Irrigated with Primarily Treated Municipal Wastewater in a Semi-Arid Peri Urban Area," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Zhou, Bo & Zhou, Hongxu & Puig-Bargués, Jaume & Li, Yunkai, 2019. "Using an anti-clogging relative index (CRI) to assess emitters rapidly for drip irrigation systems with multiple low-quality water sources," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 270-278.

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