IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agiwat/v310y2025ics037837742500085x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A modified model for simulating subsurface drainage with synthetic envelope considering impacts of entrance resistance and its application

Author

Listed:
  • Qian, Yingzhi
  • Han, Xudong
  • Zhu, Yan
  • Yang, Wei
  • Huang, Jiesheng

Abstract

Subsurface drainage is an important means to prevent and control salinization and waterlogging. Accurate simulation of water and salt discharge is crucial for determining the design parameters of subsurface pipes. Existing models for simulating subsurface drainage discharge neglect the additional entrance resistances of drains induced by the low permeability of synthetic envelopes, which will overestimate the drainage discharge. This study aimed to develop a numerical model considering the entrance resistance of various envelopes and provided guidance for subsurface drainage design. The proposed modified model is based on the previous developed subsurface drainage package (SDR), in which a correction coefficient (Csdr) reflecting entrance resistance was proposed and used to calculate the drainage discharge. The modified SDR package was verified by a synthetic case and series of practical examples with different entrance resistances caused by envelope materials. The model was then utilized to figure out the impact of pipe depths, spacings and entrance resistances on the water balance items. The influence on the mean and variance of drainage water is quantified by two indicators, AMAE and AMAV, which measure the expected changes in the mean and variance of the output due to parameter variations. Appropriate pipe depth and spacing under different entrance resistances was investigated. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the modified model in simulating the groundwater depth and drainage flux under different entrance resistances. For the scenarios where subsurface pipes were covered with synthetic envelopes, the errors of original SDR were out of range, while for the modified SDR, the normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) are less than 3.18 % and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and Kling-Gupta Efficiency coefficient (KGE) greater than 0.9, respectively. Analysis of the water balance showed that an increase in subsurface drainage amount is beneficial to reduce the increase amount of the aquifer storage and the control of the groundwater depth. The drainage discharge amount was most sensitive to Csdr, with AMAE and AMAV being 0.49 and 0.52. The spacing and Csdr had an interactive effect on the drainage discharge amount, while the buried depth had no interactive effect with other factors. Narrower pipe spacing was recommended for subsurface drain design with relatively high entrance resistance (smaller Csdr value). For those subsurface pipes covered with non-woven fabric of which the Csdr is about 0.03, the pipe spacing should be around 10 m. This study provides a new method and insight for suitable design parameter of subsurface drains.

Suggested Citation

  • Qian, Yingzhi & Han, Xudong & Zhu, Yan & Yang, Wei & Huang, Jiesheng, 2025. "A modified model for simulating subsurface drainage with synthetic envelope considering impacts of entrance resistance and its application," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:310:y:2025:i:c:s037837742500085x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109371
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037837742500085X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109371?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van der Molen, W. H. & Wesseling, J., 1991. "A solution in closed form and a series solution to replace the tables for the thickness of the equivalent layer in Hooghoudt's drain spacing formula," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Youngs, E. G., 1980. "The hydraulic effect of filter materials around gappy non-ideal field drains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 17-34, July.
    3. Stuyt, L.C. P.M. & Dierickx, W., 2006. "Design and performance of materials for subsurface drainage systems in agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 50-59, November.
    4. Sekendar, M. A., 1984. "Entrance resistance of enveloped drainage pipes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 351-360, February.
    5. Mehdi Jafari-Talukolaee & Henk Ritzema & Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali & Ali Shahnazari, 2016. "Subsurface Drainage to Enable the Cultivation of Winter Crops in Consolidated Paddy Fields in Northern Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Moursi, Hossam & Youssef, Mohamed A. & Chescheir, George M., 2022. "Development and application of DRAINMOD model for simulating crop yield and water conservation benefits of drainage water recycling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    7. Addab, Haider & Bailey, Ryan T., 2022. "Simulating the effect of subsurface tile drainage on watershed salinity using SWAT," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Mao, Wei & Yang, Jinzhong & Zhu, Yan & Ye, Ming & Wu, Jingwei, 2017. "Loosely coupled SaltMod for simulating groundwater and salt dynamics under well-canal conjunctive irrigation in semi-arid areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 209-220.
    9. Feng, Genxiang & Zhang, Zhanyu & Wan, Changyu & Lu, Peirong & Bakour, Ahmad, 2017. "Effects of saline water irrigation on soil salinity and yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in subsurface drainage system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 205-213.
    10. Tao, Yuan & Wang, Shaoli & Xu, Di & Yuan, Hongwei & Chen, Haorui, 2017. "Field and numerical experiment of an improved subsurface drainage system in Huaibei plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 24-32.
    11. Yao, Rong-jiang & Yang, Jing-song & Zhang, Tong-juan & Hong, Li-zhou & Wang, Mao-wen & Yu, Shi-peng & Wang, Xiang-ping, 2014. "Studies on soil water and salt balances and scenarios simulation using SaltMod in a coastal reclaimed farming area of eastern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 115-123.
    12. Qian, Yingzhi & Zhu, Yan & Ye, Ming & Huang, Jiesheng & Wu, Jingwei, 2021. "Experiment and numerical simulation for designing layout parameters of subsurface drainage pipes in arid agricultural areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    13. Nieuwenhuis, G. J. A. & Wesseling, J., 1979. "Effect of performation and filter material on entrance resistance and effective diameter of plastic drain pipes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 1-9, March.
    14. Mathew, E. K. & Panda, R. K. & Nair, Madhusudan, 2001. "Influence of subsurface drainage on crop production and soil quality in a low-lying acid sulphate soil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 191-209, April.
    15. Liang, Hao & Qi, Zhiming & Hu, Kelin & Li, Baoguo & Prasher, Shiv O., 2018. "Modelling subsurface drainage and nitrogen losses from artificially drained cropland using coupled DRAINMOD and WHCNS models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 201-210.
    16. Golmohammadi, Golmar & Rudra, Ramesh & Prasher, Shiv & Madani, Ali & Youssef, Mohamed & Goel, Pradeep & Mohammadi, Kourosh, 2017. "Impact of tile drainage on water budget and spatial distribution of sediment generating areas in an agricultural watershed," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 124-134.
    17. Yang, Yang & Zhu, Yan & Wu, Jingwei & Mao, Wei & Ye, Ming & Yang, Jinzhong, 2022. "Development and application of a new package for MODFLOW-LGR-MT3D for simulating regional groundwater and salt dynamics with subsurface drainage systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    18. Tao, Yuan & Wang, Shaoli & Xu, Di & Qu, Xingye, 2016. "Experiment and analysis on flow rate of improved subsurface drainage with ponded water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1-9.
    19. Tiligadas, Eleimon, 1988. "Effect of different parameters on entrance resistance of corrugated plastic drains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(2-4), pages 225-233, June.
    20. Ghane, Ehsan & Dialameh, Babak & AbdalAal, Yousef & Ghane, Mohammad, 2022. "Knitted-sock geotextile envelopes increase drain inflow in subsurface drainage systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    21. Ritzema, H.P. & Nijland, H.J. & Croon, F.W., 2006. "Subsurface drainage practices: From manual installation to large-scale implementation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 60-71, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Feng, Genxiang & Zhu, Chengli & Wu, Qingfeng & Wang, Ce & Zhang, Zhanyu & Mwiya, Richwell Mubita & Zhang, Li, 2021. "Evaluating the impacts of saline water irrigation on soil water-salt and summer maize yield in subsurface drainage condition using coupled HYDRUS and EPIC model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    2. Sagar Regmi & Paul Davidson & Cody Allen, 2024. "Yield Impact of Data-Informed Surface Drainage: An On-Farm Case Study," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Genxiang Feng & Zhanyu Zhang & Zemin Zhang, 2019. "Evaluating the Sustainable Use of Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Salt Content and Grain Yield under Subsurface Drainage Condition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Feng Tian & Haibin Shi & Qingfeng Miao & Ruiping Li & Jie Duan & Xu Dou & Weiying Feng, 2023. "Soil Water and Salt Transport in Severe Saline–Alkali Soil after Ditching under Subsurface Pipe Drainage Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Yao, Chenzhi & Guo, Chenyao & Wu, Jingwei & Qiang, Wei & Qin, Shuai & Yang, Haoyu & Li, Hang, 2024. "Evaluation of combined open ditch and subsurface drainage: Experimental data and optimization of specifications in arid Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    6. Guo, Chenyao & Yao, Chenzhi & Wu, Jingwei & Qin, Shuai & Yang, Haoyu & Li, Hang & Mao, Jun, 2024. "Field and numerical experiments of subsurface drainage systems in saline and low-permeability interlayered fields in arid regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    7. Ren, Xiaolei & Wang, Shaoli & Yang, Peiling & Tao, Yuan, 2023. "Experimental and modeling evaluation of siphon-type subsurface drainage performance in flooding and waterlogging removal," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    8. Ghane, Ehsan & Dialameh, Babak & AbdalAal, Yousef & Ghane, Mohammad, 2022. "Knitted-sock geotextile envelopes increase drain inflow in subsurface drainage systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    9. Tao, Yuan & Li, Na & Wang, Shaoli & Chen, Haorui & Guan, Xiaoyan & Ji, Mengzhe, 2021. "Simulation study on performance of nitrogen loss of an improved subsurface drainage system for one-time drainage using HYDRUS-2D," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    10. Li, Yunfeng & Yu, Qihua & Ning, Huifeng & Gao, Yang & Sun, Jingsheng, 2023. "Simulation of soil water, heat, and salt adsorptive transport under film mulched drip irrigation in an arid saline-alkali area using HYDRUS-2D," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    11. Liu, Yi & Zeng, Wenzhi & Ao, Chang & Lei, Guoqing & Wu, Jingwei & Huang, Jiesheng & Gaiser, Thomas & Srivastava, Amit Kumar, 2022. "Optimization of winter irrigation management for salinized farmland using a coupled model of soil water flow and crop growth," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    12. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Motevali, Ali & Keikha, Mahdi, 2022. "The life cycle assessment of subsurface drainage performance under rice-canola cropping system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    13. Zhe Wu & Chenyao Guo & Haoyu Yang & Hang Li & Jingwei Wu, 2022. "Experimentally Based Numerical Simulation of the Influence of the Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Pipe Geometric Structure on Drainage Flow," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, December.
    14. Raats, Peter A.C. & Feddes, Reinder A., 2006. "Contributions by Jans Wesseling, Jan van Schilfgaarde, and Herman Bouwer to effective and responsible water management in agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 9-29, November.
    15. Dou, Xu & Shi, Haibin & Li, Ruiping & Miao, Qingfeng & Yan, Jianwen & Tian, Feng & Wang, Bo, 2022. "Simulation and evaluation of soil water and salt transport under controlled subsurface drainage using HYDRUS-2D model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    16. Yuhui Yang & Dongwei Li & Weixiong Huang & Xinguo Zhou & Zhaoyang Li & Xiaomei Dong & Xingpeng Wang, 2022. "Effects of Subsurface Drainage on Soil Salinity and Groundwater Table in Drip Irrigated Cotton Fields in Oasis Regions of Tarim Basin," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Huang, Yajie & Ma, Yibing & Zhang, Shiwen & Li, Zhen & Huang, Yuanfang, 2021. "Optimum allocation of salt discharge areas in land consolidation for irrigation districts by SahysMod," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    18. Tao, Yuan & Wang, Shaoli & Xu, Di & Yuan, Hongwei & Chen, Haorui, 2017. "Field and numerical experiment of an improved subsurface drainage system in Huaibei plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 24-32.
    19. Yunquan Zhang & Peiling Yang, 2023. "A Simulation-Based Optimization Model for Control of Soil Salinization in the Hetao Irrigation District, Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, March.
    20. Sun, Guanfang & Zhu, Yan & Ye, Ming & Yang, Jinzhong & Qu, Zhongyi & Mao, Wei & Wu, Jingwei, 2019. "Development and application of long-term root zone salt balance model for predicting soil salinity in arid shallow water table area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 486-498.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:310:y:2025:i:c:s037837742500085x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.