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Impacts of wastewater irrigation on Mediterranean soil and food: A three-year case study in Italy

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  • Surdyk, N.
  • Battilani, A.
  • Cary, L.
  • Sandei, L.
  • Pettenati, M.
  • Kloppmann, W.

Abstract

Water supply for irrigation is a limiting factor for agriculture in Mediterranean countries. A strategy for increasing water availability proposes to use low quality water for irrigation to avoid irrigation with precious and high cost potable water. A drawback about using waste water is the potential heavy metal accumulation in soil and foodstuff. In this study, primary or secondary treated municipal wastewater went through supplementary cleaning steps with a low-cost device and was used to irrigate tomatoes and potatoes in an experimental field in Italy. We monitored heavy metals in soil, food and processed food during three years. We measured no accumulation neither in soil, nor in food after this period. Variations of metal concentrations in soil and food were mainly due to common farm practices such as fertilisation and pesticide applications. This study demonstrates that irrigation with wastewater is achievable with a low-cost treatment device that can be used elsewhere to decrease pressure on water resources.

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  • Surdyk, N. & Battilani, A. & Cary, L. & Sandei, L. & Pettenati, M. & Kloppmann, W., 2025. "Impacts of wastewater irrigation on Mediterranean soil and food: A three-year case study in Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:308:y:2025:i:c:s0378377424005912
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109255
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