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Influence of water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality and mercury uptake in different rice production systems

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  • Ishfaq, Muhammad
  • Akbar, Nadeem
  • Zulfiqar, Usman
  • Ali, Nauman
  • Ahmad, Mumtaz
  • Anjum, Shakeel Ahmad
  • Farooq, Muhammad

Abstract

Reducing water inputs, by maintaining grain yield quality, is important for sustainable production of rice. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality, and mercury uptake in rice under dry direct-seeded and transplanted production systems. Two aromatic rice cultivars (Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati) were planted in conventional puddled-transplanted rice (TPR) and dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR). Three irrigation management systems, based on soil moisture tension (SMT), continuous flooding (> −10 kPa SMT), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) (−20 kPa SMT) and aerobic rice (−40 kPa SMT) were maintained. Rice planting in DDSR system performed comparable to TPR, however, percentage of broken rice, chalky kernels, abortive kernels and opaque kernels were higher (5–8 %, 20 %, 19 % and 25 %, respectively) under DDSR system. However, kernel amylopectin contents and mercury uptake were reduced by 9% and 11 % under DDSR system. In AWD irrigation management, substantial increase in brown head rice (11 %), white head rice (15 %) and kernel protein contents (11 %) were recorded as compared to aerobic irrigation management. However, AWD irrigation reduced the kernel chalkiness (42 %), abortive kernels (51 %) and opaque kernels (62 %) as compared to aerobic irrigation management. Moreover, the AWD irrigation threshold also reduced the kernel amylose contents (15 %), amylopectin contents (6%) and mercury uptake (21 %) in comparison to continuous flooded irrigation threshold. In conclusion, AWD improved the milling recovery as well as grain quality and reduced the mercury uptake under TPR and DDSR in both rice cultivars. Rice cultivation under DDSR in combination with AWD can help to improve the quality traits while reducing the total water inputs and heavy metal accumulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ishfaq, Muhammad & Akbar, Nadeem & Zulfiqar, Usman & Ali, Nauman & Ahmad, Mumtaz & Anjum, Shakeel Ahmad & Farooq, Muhammad, 2021. "Influence of water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality and mercury uptake in different rice production systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:243:y:2021:i:c:s0378377420307496
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106500
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rejesus, Roderick M. & Martin, Adrienne M. & Gypmantasiri, Phrek (ed.), 2013. "Meta-Impact Assessment of the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium," IRRI Books, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), number 164460.
    2. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Ritzema, Henk & Karandish, Fatemeh & Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Ali & Ghasemi-Nasr, Mohammad, 2017. "Alternate wetting and drying for different subsurface drainage systems to improve paddy yield and water productivity in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 221-231.
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    1. Keji Hua & Peng Yang & Jieyu Zhou & Wei Liao & Jun He & Junlin Zheng & Chi Tang & Yuqin Li & Baolong Zhang, . "Enhancing rice yield, quality, and resource utilisation with slow-release fertiliser in alternate wetting and drying irrigation," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 0.

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