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Combined effects of deficit irrigation and crop level on early nectarine trees

Author

Listed:
  • De la Rosa, JM.
  • Conesa, MR.
  • Domingo, R.
  • Aguayo, E.
  • Falagán, N.
  • Pérez-Pastor, A.

Abstract

A three-year long experiment was implemented in an early nectarine (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Flanoba) commercial orchard to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation and different crop levels on vegetative growth, plant water status, and fruit yield and quality. Three irrigation treatments were assessed: (i) control, full irrigation (TCTL); (ii) normal practice of the farmer (TFRM); and (iii) regulated deficit irrigation (TRDI), which involved irrigating the crop at the same level as the control (TCTL) during the critical periods of the first year and at 60% TCTL during postharvest. In the last two growing seasons the irrigation was scheduled to maintain the signal intensity (SI) of maximum daily trunk shrinkage (SIMDS=MDSTRDI/MDSTCTL) at different water stress levels depending on the phenological stage: SI=1.0 (non-water stress) and SI=1.4 (moderate water stress). Besides, during the last two seasons, the interactions between TCTL and TRDI were studied at five different crop levels, which were obtained by controlling the distance between fruits left on the branches: from very low (16cm between fruits) to very high (8cm between fruits). Crop water use efficiency (WUE) of TRDI was higher than in TCTL and TFRM, increasing by around 25% in 2010 and 2011, and around 74% the final year. Interestingly, TFRM increased the WUE from the first year by more than 30%. The yield/annual increase in trunk-cross-sectional area (ΔTCSA) ratio increased in TRDI with respect to the other treatments as the experiment progressed, reaching differences of 53%. Vegetative growth was clearly sensitive to deficit irrigation with a strong correlation between the increase in the water stress integral obtained by midday stem water potential (Ψstem) and the reduction in TSCA. In contrast, fruit production and quality were not affected by water deficit. As regards the interaction between crop level and water deficit, fruit firmness was the only fruit quality parameter studied that presented significant differences, the highest values corresponding to the fruits from TRDI trees and the lowest crop level. In early nectarine trees, the postharvest period can be considered as a non-critical period for applying RDI strategies but only when the water stress integral applied is of low intensity in May and June (much lower than 9MPa day), in order to limit the decrease in vegetative growth and so not affect the following harvests.

Suggested Citation

  • De la Rosa, JM. & Conesa, MR. & Domingo, R. & Aguayo, E. & Falagán, N. & Pérez-Pastor, A., 2016. "Combined effects of deficit irrigation and crop level on early nectarine trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 120-132.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:170:y:2016:i:c:p:120-132
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De la Rosa, J.M. & Domingo, R. & Gómez-Montiel, J. & Pérez-Pastor, A., 2015. "Implementing deficit irrigation scheduling through plant water stress indicators in early nectarine trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 207-216.
    2. Girona, J. & Gelly, M. & Mata, M. & Arbones, A. & Rufat, J. & Marsal, J., 2005. "Peach tree response to single and combined deficit irrigation regimes in deep soils," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 97-108, March.
    3. Corell, M. & Girón, I.F. & Galindo, A. & Torrecillas, A. & Torres-Sánchez, R. & Pérez-Pastor, A. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A., 2014. "Using band dendrometers in irrigation scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 29-37.
    4. Intrigliolo, D.S. & Ballester, C. & Castel, J.R., 2014. "Crop load regulation and irrigation strategies to accelerate the recovery of previously water-stressed Japanese plum trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 23-29.
    5. Ortuño, M.F. & Conejero, W. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Biel, C. & Mellisho, C.D. & Pérez-Pastor, A. & Domingo, R. & Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. & Casadesus, J. & Bonany, J. & Torrecillas,, 2010. "Could trunk diameter sensors be used in woody crops for irrigation scheduling? A review of current knowledge and future perspectives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 1-11, January.
    6. Puerto, P. & Domingo, R. & Torres, R. & Pérez-Pastor, A. & García-Riquelme, M., 2013. "Remote management of deficit irrigation in almond trees based on maximum daily trunk shrinkage. Water relations and yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 33-45.
    7. Pérez-Pastor, A. & Ruiz-Sánchez, Mª C. & Domingo, R., 2014. "Effects of timing and intensity of deficit irrigation on vegetative and fruit growth of apricot trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 110-118.
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