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Mittelfristige Effekte der Elterngeldreform in Ost- und Westdeutschland

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  • Jochen Kluve
  • Sebastian Schmitz

Abstract

Using a natural experiment, we analyze the medium-term impact of a recent parental benefit reform, focusing on differential effects in East and West Germany. Our results indicate that the new policy led to substantial changes in labor market outcomes three to five years after childbirth: Likewise in the East and the West, well-educated (first-time) mothers tend to have a part-time job instead of being inactive. In West Germany we additionally observe a faster and lasting return to full-time jobs by career-oriented mothers. In the East on the other hand, we find a substitution from full to part-time jobs; however, with a positive net effect on labor participation. In both regions the new policy increased the mothers’ probability to return to their pre-birth employers as well as the prevalence of unlimited employment relationships. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert anhand eines natürlichen Experiments die mittelfristigen Effekte der Elterngeldreform in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Die Einführung des Elterngeldsim Jahr 2007 hat zu substanziellen Veränderungen in der mittelfristigen Erwerbsbeteiligung (drei bis fünf Jahre nach der Geburt des Kindes) geführt: Im gesamten Bundesgebiet beobachten wir, dass eine größere Anzahl gut ausgebildeter (Erst-)Mütter eine Teilzeitarbeit antritt, anstelle dem Arbeitsmarkt fern zu bleiben. In Westdeutschland zeigt sich außerdem, dass karriere-orientierte Mütter schneller und nachhaltiger in Vollzeiterwerbstätigkeit zurückkehren. In Ostdeutschland hingegen beobachten wir eine Substitution wegvon Vollzeit- hin zu mehr Teilzeitbeschäftigung; der Nettoeffekt ist allerdings auch hier positiv. In Ost- und Westdeutschland hat das Elterngeld die Arbeitsmarktbindung der Mütter verbessert: Sowohl die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Rückkehr zum Arbeitgeber vor der Geburt als auch der Anteil unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse haben sich erhöht.

Suggested Citation

  • Jochen Kluve & Sebastian Schmitz, 2014. "Mittelfristige Effekte der Elterngeldreform in Ost- und Westdeutschland," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(1), pages 163-181.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:83-1-10
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.83.1.163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kamila Cygan-Rehm, 2016. "Parental leave benefit and differential fertility responses: evidence from a German reform," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 29(1), pages 73-103, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eilers, Lea & Kramer, Anica & Tamm, Marcus, 2014. "Personen, die nicht am Erwerbsleben teilnehmen: Analyse sozio-ökonomischer Merkmale unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Haushaltskontextes und Bestimmung des Arbeitskräftepotenzials," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 111488, March.

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    JEL classification:

    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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