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The Residential Segregation of Immigrants in the United States from 1850 to 1940

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  • Eriksson, Katherine
  • Ward, Zachary

Abstract

We provide the first estimates of immigrant residential segregation between 1850 and 1940 that cover the entire United States and are consistent across time and space. To do so, we adapt the Logan–Parman method to immigrants by measuring segregation based on the nativity of the next-door neighbor. In addition to providing a consistent measure of segregation, we also document new patterns such as high levels of segregation in rural areas, in small factory towns and for non-European sources. Early twentieth-century immigrants spatially assimilated at a slow rate, leaving immigrants’ lived experience distinct from natives for decades after arrival.

Suggested Citation

  • Eriksson, Katherine & Ward, Zachary, 2019. "The Residential Segregation of Immigrants in the United States from 1850 to 1940," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 79(4), pages 989-1026, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:79:y:2019:i:4:p:989-1026_3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zimran, Ariell, 2022. "US immigrants’ secondary migration and geographic assimilation during the Age of Mass Migration," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    2. Bhaumik, Sumon K. & Chowdhury, Subhasish M. & Dimova, Ralitza & Fromell, Hanna, 2023. "Identity, Communication, and Conflict: An Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers 16020, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Robert L. Boyd, 2022. "The Residential Segregation of European Immigrant Groups in the Early Twentieth-Century United States: the Role of Natives’ Social Distance Attitudes," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1199-1216, September.
    4. Eriksson, Katherine & Ward, Zachary, 2022. "Immigrants and cities during the age of mass migration," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    5. Panza, Laura, 2020. "The impact of ethnic segregation on schooling outcomes in Mandate Palestine," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    6. Robert L. Boyd, 2023. "How “Ethnic” Were White Ethnic Neighborhoods? European Ancestry Groups in the Twentieth-Century USA," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1211-1229, September.
    7. Escamilla-Guerrero, David & Kosack, Edward & Ward, Zachary, 2021. "Life after crossing the border: Assimilation during the first Mexican mass migration," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    8. Quincy, Sarah, 2022. "Income shocks and housing spillovers: Evidence from the World War I Veterans’ Bonus," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).

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