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The Gender Wage Gap in the Canadian Provinces, 1997-2014

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  • Tammy Schirle

Abstract

This study examines the gender gaps in average hourly wages facing private sector full-time employees in the Canadian provinces, using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey. Over the 1997-2014 period, all provinces have made progress toward narrowing the gender wage gap, though notably little progress was made in Newfoundland and Alberta. Much of the variation across provinces in the gender gap is eliminated once we account for gender differences in individual and job characteristics in each province. Decomposition results suggest a large portion of the wage gap in each province is explained by gender differences in industry and occupation. The unexplained portion of the wage gap has been reduced in many provinces as gender differences in industry and occupation play an increasingly important role.

Suggested Citation

  • Tammy Schirle, 2015. "The Gender Wage Gap in the Canadian Provinces, 1997-2014," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 41(4), pages 309-319, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:41:y:2015:i:4:p:309-319
    DOI: 10.3138/cpp.2015-012
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nicole M. Fortin, 2019. "Increasing earnings inequality and the gender pay gap in Canada: Prospects for convergence," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(2), pages 407-440, May.
    2. Li, Jiang & Dostie, Benoit & Simard-Duplain, Gaëlle, 2020. "What Is the Role of Firm-Specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?," IZA Discussion Papers 13907, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Peter Burton & Shelley Phipps, 2017. "Economic Well-Being of Canadian Children," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 43(4), pages 299-330, December.
    4. Ben Sand & Chris Bidner, 2016. "Job Prospects and Pay Gaps: Theory and Evidence on the Gender Gap from U.S. Cities," Discussion Papers dp16-14, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
    5. Andlib, Zubaria, 2025. "Breaking Barriers or Reinforcing Gaps? Gender Wage Disparities Across Skill Levels in a Developing Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1555 [rev.], Global Labor Organization (GLO), revised 2025.
    6. Richard E. Mueller, 2022. "Gender pay gap in the public sector: Evidence from the Canadian Labour Force Survey," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 36(1), pages 29-70, March.
    7. Kispál-Vitai, Zsuzsanna & Németh, Julianna, 2021. "Szilánkok az üvegplafonból [Splinters from the glass ceiling]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 308-331.
    8. Andlib, Zubaria, 2025. "Can occupational skills explain the gender wage gap in a developing economy? An unconditional quintile regression approach," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1555, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    9. Kanat Abdulla, 2024. "Language diversity, gender inequality, and aggregate productivity in Canada," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 71(3), pages 323-345, July.
    10. Jennifer Robson & Johanna Peetz, 2020. "Gender differences in financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: Accounting for socioeconomic disparities and psychological traits," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(3), pages 813-835, September.
    11. Charles M. Beach, 2016. "Changing income inequality: A distributional paradigm for Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(4), pages 1229-1292, November.
    12. Ibrahim Bousmah, 2024. "Firm‐size wage‐gaps and hierarchy: Evidence from Canada," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 38(3), pages 350-364, September.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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