IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/jbvela/v12y2017i1p123-139n2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Takeover Premia and Leverage: Theory, Empirical Observations and Recommendations

Author

Listed:
  • Covrig Vincent
  • McConaughy Daniel L.

    (Department of Finance, California State University of Northridge, David Nazarian College of Business 18111 Nordhoff, Northridge, CA91330, USA; Director at Crowe Horwath LLP)

  • Travers Mary Ann K.

    (Managing Partner, Valuation Services, Crowe Horwath LLP, Oakbrook, IL, USA)

Abstract

The greater a target company’s leverage, the less cash or shares an acquirer needs to control the target enterprise. Given the benefits of acquiring a target, the equity takeover premium is spread over relatively more assets in a more highly leveraged target, thus reducing the premium paid relative to the entire enterprise. This suggests that more levered targets may receive greater equity premia, expressed as a percent of the unaffected share price, other things equal. To test this, we examine takeover transactions that occurred during the 2003–2013 time period. We find that higher equity takeover premia are related to higher pre-deal leverage levels, consistent with theory. Our results are robust with respect to size, industry, profitability, year of transaction, synergy potential, and type of acquirer (strategic, horizontal or financial). Our empirical analyses support the Appraisal Foundation Working Group’s recommendation for best practices, namely, to adjust takeover premia for leverage.

Suggested Citation

  • Covrig Vincent & McConaughy Daniel L. & Travers Mary Ann K., 2017. "Takeover Premia and Leverage: Theory, Empirical Observations and Recommendations," Journal of Business Valuation and Economic Loss Analysis, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 123-139, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:jbvela:v:12:y:2017:i:1:p:123-139:n:2
    DOI: 10.1515/jbvela-2015-0002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbvela-2015-0002
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/jbvela-2015-0002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bargeron, Leonce L. & Schlingemann, Frederik P. & Stulz, René M. & Zutter, Chad J., 2008. "Why do private acquirers pay so little compared to public acquirers?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 375-390, September.
    2. Harford, Jarrad & Klasa, Sandy & Walcott, Nathan, 2009. "Do firms have leverage targets? Evidence from acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 1-14, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sergey Tsyplakov, 2019. "Can Post-Merger Integration Costs and Synergy Delays Explain Leverage Dynamics of Mergers?," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(04), pages 1-36, December.
    2. Mona Yaghoubi & Reza Yaghoubi & Graeme Guthrie, 2018. "How Do Firms Make Capital Structure Decisions When Facing Big Events? The Case of Hospital Corporation of America (HCA)," Working Papers in Economics 18/21, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    3. Uysal, Vahap B., 2011. "Deviation from the target capital structure and acquisition choices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(3), pages 602-620.
    4. Daher, Mai M. & Ismail, Ahmad K., 2018. "Debt covenants and corporate acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 174-201.
    5. Harford, Jarrad & Uysal, Vahap B., 2014. "Bond market access and investment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 147-163.
    6. Hu, May & Yang, Jingjing, 2016. "The role of leverage in cross-border mergers and acquisitions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 170-199.
    7. Fu, Fangjian & Lin, Leming & Officer, Micah S., 2013. "Acquisitions driven by stock overvaluation: Are they good deals?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 24-39.
    8. Kim, Sang-Joon & Bae, John & Oh, Hannah, 2019. "Financing strategically: The moderation effect of marketing activities on the bifurcated relationship between debt level and firm valuation of small and medium enterprises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 663-681.
    9. Qiu, Buhui & Trapkov, Svetoslav & Yakoub, Fadi, 2014. "Do target CEOs trade premiums for personal benefits?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 23-41.
    10. Di Giuli, Alberta, 2013. "The effect of stock misvaluation and investment opportunities on the method of payment in mergers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 196-215.
    11. Elmina Homapour & Larry Su & Fabio Caraffini & Francisco Chiclana, 2022. "Regression Analysis of Macroeconomic Conditions and Capital Structures of Publicly Listed British Firms," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-28, March.
    12. Cook, Douglas O. & Fu, Xudong & Tang, Tian, 2016. "Are target leverage ratios stable? Investigating the impact of corporate asset restructuring," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 150-168.
    13. Kanungo, Rama Prasad, 2021. "Uncertainty of M&As under asymmetric estimation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 774-793.
    14. Sarah Osborne & Dean Katselas & Larelle Chapple, 2012. "The preferences of private equity investors in selecting target acquisitions: An international investigation," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 37(3), pages 361-389, December.
    15. Pinkowitz, Lee & Sturgess, Jason & Williamson, Rohan, 2013. "Do cash stockpiles fuel cash acquisitions?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 128-149.
    16. Liang, Shangkun & Niu, Yuhao & Yang, Dan & Liu, Xuejuan, 2023. "Dividend payouts under a societal crisis: Financial constraints or signaling?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    17. Ziqin Yu & Xiang Xiao, 2022. "Shadow banking contraction and innovation efficiency of tech-based SMEs-based on the implementation of China’s New Asset Management Regulation," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(2), pages 251-275, June.
    18. Carolina Salva & Xiqian Zhang, 2022. "Financial versus strategic bidders and underpricing as an acquisition motive," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(9-10), pages 1830-1862, October.
    19. Emanuele Teti & Maurizio Dallocchio & Tancredi Currao, 2022. "Family ownership and M&A payment method," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 1989-2005, April.
    20. Zuo, Jingjing & Qiu, Baoyin & Zhu, Guoyiming & Lei, Guangyong, 2023. "Local speculative culture and stock price crash risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:jbvela:v:12:y:2017:i:1:p:123-139:n:2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.