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Population Aging and Extension of Retirement Age (Quantitative Analysis using Overlapping Generation Model) (in Korean)

Author

Listed:
  • Jay H. Hong

    (Department of Economics, Seoul National University)

  • Youngjae Lee

    (Department of Economics, Seoul National University)

  • Taesu Kang

    (Research department, The Bank of Korea)

Abstract

We study the quantitative effects of population aging driven by declining mortality and fertility rates in Korea. We then examine the macroeconomic effects of raising the mandatory retirement age in such an aging economy. When mortality rate decreases, aggregate capital increases since individuals save more for longer retirement. In contrast, an increase in aggregate labor input is negligible since lower mortality rate mostly affects those who are out of the labor force. When fertility rate decreases, both aggregate labor and capital inputs shrink radically because aggregate population diminishes along with the working age population and aggregate saving plunges due to a downsized population. We analyze the effects of population aging when mortality rate of all ages decreases by 1% each year and population growth rate drops from 0.7% to 0.3%. A huge drop in aggregate labor input drags down the aggregate output by about 15%. The pension system will run a big budget deficit with more retirees and smaller number of workers. The government can alleviate the negative effects of population aging by raising the mandatory retirement age. When the workers' retirement is postponed by 3 years, both aggregate labor input and capital increase and pension deficits are reduced significantly.

Suggested Citation

  • Jay H. Hong & Youngjae Lee & Taesu Kang, 2016. "Population Aging and Extension of Retirement Age (Quantitative Analysis using Overlapping Generation Model) (in Korean)," Economic Analysis (Quarterly), Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea, vol. 22(2), pages 1-49, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bok:journl:v:22:y:2016:i:2:p:1-49
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    Cited by:

    1. La, Jung Joo, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of basic income funded by a land-holding tax in Korea," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 1-9.
    2. Kwon, Kyooho, 2019. "Equity across Generations and Uncertainty within a Generation: A Welfare Analysis of the National Pension System," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), vol. 41(2), pages 1-39.
    3. La, Jung Joo, 2023. "Macroeconomic effects of basic income funded by land holding tax," MPRA Paper 116151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Tai Lee & Joonmo Cho, 2022. "Unintended consequences of the retirement‐age extension in South Korea," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 36(1), pages 105-125, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Population ageing; Extension of retirement age; Overlapping generation model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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