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Understanding the spatio‐temporal pattern of COVID‐19 outbreak in India using GIS and India's response in managing the pandemic

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  • Rakhohori Bag
  • Manoranjan Ghosh
  • Bapan Biswas
  • Mitrajit Chatterjee

Abstract

Due to the outbreak of Coronavirus, humans all over the world are facing several health problems. The present study has explored the spatio‐temporal pattern of Coronavirus spread in India including spatial clustering, identification of hotspot, spatial heterogeneity, and homogeneity, spatial trend, and direction of COVID‐19 cases using spatial statistical analysis during the period of 30 January to 20 June 2020. Besides, the polynomial regression model has been used for predictions of COVID‐19 affected population and related deaths. The study found positive spatial heterogeneity in COVID‐19 cases in India. The study has also identified 17 epicentres across the country with high incidence rates. The directional distribution of ellipse polygon shows that the spread of COVID‐19 now trending towards the east but the concentration of cases is mainly in the western part of the country. The country's trend of COVID‐19 follows a fourth‐order polynomial growth and is characterized by an increasing trend. The prediction results show that as on 14 October India will reach 14,660,400 COVID‐19 cases and the death toll will cross 152,945. Therefore, a “space‐specific” policy strategy would be a more suitable strategy for reducing the spatial spread of the virus in India. Moreover, the study has broadly found out seven sectors, where the Government of India lacks in terms of confronting the ongoing pandemic. The study has also recommended some appropriate policies which would be immensely useful for the administration to initiate strategic planning. Debido al brote del Coronavirus, los humanos de todo el mundo se enfrentan a varios problemas de salud. En el presente estudio se han explorado las pautas espacio‐temporales de la propagación del Coronavirus en la India, entre ellas la agrupación espacial, la identificación de focos, la heterogeneidad espacial y la homogeneidad, la tendencia espacial y la dirección de los casos de COVID‐19, usando un análisis estadístico espacial para el período entre el 30 de enero y el 20 de junio de 2020. Además, se ha utilizado el modelo de regresión polinómica para las predicciones de la población afectada por COVID‐19 y las muertes relacionadas. El estudio encontró una heterogeneidad espacial positiva en los casos de COVID‐19 en la India. También identificó 17 epicentros en todo el país con altas tasas de incidencia. La distribución direccional del polígono de la elipse muestra que la propagación de COVID‐19 ahora tiende hacia el este, pero la concentración de casos se encuentra principalmente en la parte occidental del país. La tendencia del país para COVID‐19 sigue un crecimiento polinómico de cuarto orden y se caracteriza por una tendencia al alza. Los resultados de la predicción muestran que, a 14 de octubre, la India alcanzará 14.660.400 casos de COVID‐19 y el número de muertes sobrepasará las 152.945. Por consiguiente, una estrategia política “espacialmente específica” sería una estrategia más adecuada para reducir la propagación espacial del virus en la India. Además, el estudio ha descubierto en general siete sectores en los que el Gobierno de la India carece de medios para hacer frente a la pandemia. En el estudio también se recomiendan algunas políticas apropiadas que serían inmensamente útiles para que la administración inicie una planificación estratégica. 新型コロナウイルスの発生により、世界中の人々は健康問題に直面している。本稿では、2020年1月30日~6月20日の期間で、新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID‐19)症例の空間クラスタリングや、ホットスポット、空間的な異質性及び同質性、空間的トレンド、方向性を、空間的統計分析を用いて特定し、インドにおけるコロナウイルスの拡大の時空間パターンを探索する。本研究から、インドのCOVID‐19症例には間的異質性が認められ、全国で、発生率の高い17のエピセンターも確認された。楕円多角形の方向分布は、現在COVID‐19は東に向かって拡大しているが、症例は主に国の西部に集中していることを示している。インドにおけるCOVID‐19のトレンドは4次多項式的に上昇する増加傾向が特徴である。インドのCOVID‐19症例は、10月14日の時点で14,660,400例に達し、COVID‐19による死亡者数は152,945人を超えると予想された。そのため、インドにおける新型コロナウイルスの空間的拡大を抑制するための戦略としては、地域に特異的な政策をとることがより適切であると考えられる。さらに、現在も続くパンデミックに対処する上でインド政府に不足している7つの分野が明らかになった。また、インド政府が戦略的計画を開始する際に非常に有用となると考えられる、適切な政策を推奨する。

Suggested Citation

  • Rakhohori Bag & Manoranjan Ghosh & Bapan Biswas & Mitrajit Chatterjee, 2020. "Understanding the spatio‐temporal pattern of COVID‐19 outbreak in India using GIS and India's response in managing the pandemic," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(6), pages 1063-1103, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:1063-1103
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12359
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nuriah Abd Majid & Nurafiqah Muhamad Nazi & Ahmad Fariz Mohamed, 2019. "Distribution and Spatial Pattern Analysis on Dengue Cases in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Yanguang Chen, 2013. "New Approaches for Calculating Moran’s Index of Spatial Autocorrelation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(7), pages 1-14, July.
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