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How do civil society organizations communicate in an authoritarian setting? A narrative analysis of the Russian waste management debate

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  • Caroline Schlaufer
  • Marina Pilkina
  • Tatiana Chalaya
  • Tatiana Khaynatskaya
  • Tatiana Voronova
  • Aleksandra Pozhivotko

Abstract

Civil society organizations (CSOs) aim to influence public policy. One way of influencing policy is through communication. In authoritarian contexts, CSOs face restrictions that make criticism of governmental actors less likely. However, to achieve change, CSOs need to highlight public problems that are often created by the inaction of governmental actors. This research examines the communicative strategies of CSOs involved in waste management in Russia. By drawing on the Narrative Policy Framework, it examines narratives used by CSOs on social media. Interviews with these CSO provide explanations of why CSOs select specific narrative strategies. We argue that the narrative strategies of CSOs are determined by their objectives of communication related to the activities they are involved in but are also influenced by their working relationship with the government. Results show that CSOs that are involved in educational activities and service provision mostly pursue an angel‐shift‐strategy, highlighting policy solutions. Only larger CSOs communicate critically and continue to attempt working with governmental actors to influence policy through awareness‐raising and policy advocacy. Las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSC) tienen como objetivo influir en las políticas públicas. Una forma de influir en la política es a través de la comunicación. En contextos autoritarios, las OSC enfrentan restricciones que hacen menos probable la crítica a los actores gubernamentales. Sin embargo, para lograr el cambio, las OSC necesitan resaltar los problemas públicos que a menudo son creados por la inacción de los actores gubernamentales. Esta investigación examina las estrategias comunicativas de las OSC involucradas en la gestión de residuos en Rusia. Basándose en el Marco de políticas narrativas, examina las narrativas utilizadas por las OSC en las redes sociales. Las entrevistas con estas OSC brindan explicaciones de por qué las OSC seleccionan estrategias narrativas específicas. Argumentamos que las estrategias narrativas de las OSC están determinadas por sus objetivos de comunicación relacionados con las actividades en las que están involucradas, pero también están influenciadas por su relación de trabajo con el gobierno. Los resultados muestran que las OSC que están involucradas en actividades educativas y la prestación de servicios en su mayoría siguen una estrategia de cambio de ángel, destacando soluciones políticas. Solo las OSC más grandes se comunican de manera crítica y continúan intentando trabajar con actores gubernamentales para influir en las políticas a través de la sensibilización y la promoción de políticas. 公民社会组织(CSOs)旨在影响公共政策。影响政策的一种方式是通过传播。在威权主义背景下,公民社会组织面临的限制使其不太可能批判政府行动者。不过,为了实现变革,公民社会组织需要强调通常由政府行动者的不作为造成的公共问题。本研究分析了参与俄罗斯废物管理的公民社会组织的传播策略。基于叙事政策框架,本研究分析了公民社会组织在社交媒体上使用的叙事。通过采访这些公民社会组织,解释了为何其选择特定的叙事策略。我们论证认为,公民社会组织的叙事策略是由与其所参与的活动相关的传播目标决定的,但这些策略也受到公民社会组织与政府的工作关系的影响。结果表明,涉及教育活动和服务提供的公民社会组织大多采取“美化政治盟友”(angel‐shift)的策略,强调政策解决方案。只有较大的公民社会组织进行批判性传播,并继续尝试与政府行动者合作,以期通过提高认识和政策宣传来影响政策。

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline Schlaufer & Marina Pilkina & Tatiana Chalaya & Tatiana Khaynatskaya & Tatiana Voronova & Aleksandra Pozhivotko, 2022. "How do civil society organizations communicate in an authoritarian setting? A narrative analysis of the Russian waste management debate," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(6), pages 730-751, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:39:y:2022:i:6:p:730-751
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12492
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark K. McBeth & Donna L. Lybecker & James W. Stoutenborough, 2016. "Do stakeholders analyze their audience? The communication switch and stakeholder personal versus public communication choices," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 49(4), pages 421-444, December.
    2. King, Gary & Pan, Jennifer & Roberts, Margaret E., 2013. "How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 107(2), pages 326-343, May.
    3. Hannes R. Stephan, 2020. "Shaping the Scope of Conflict in Scotland’s Fracking Debate: Conflict Management and the Narrative Policy Framework," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(1), pages 64-91, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nils C. Bandelow & Johanna Hornung, 2022. "Narratives, evidence and public policy in crisis situations," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(6), pages 704-707, November.

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