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Generalizing the OLS and Grid Estimators

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  • R. Kelley Pace
  • Otis W. Gilley

Abstract

The vast majority of market valuations employ either some formal estimator such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or rely upon an informal set of rules defining the grid adjustment estimator. The success of the grid adjustment estimator suggests the data do not obey the ideal assumptions underlying OLS. However, the grid adjustment estimator's lack of a formal statistical foundation makes it difficult to use for inference and other purposes. This article demonstrates how to generalize the grid estimator and OLS to potentially obtain the best features of both. Interestingly, the generalization defines a spatial autoregression. On an empirical example the spatial autoregression outperforms the grid estimator which in turn outperforms OLS.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Kelley Pace & Otis W. Gilley, 1998. "Generalizing the OLS and Grid Estimators," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 26(2), pages 331-347, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:26:y:1998:i:2:p:331-347
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.00748
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    Cited by:

    1. Pace, R. Kelley & Barry, Ronald & Gilley, Otis W. & Sirmans, C. F., 2000. "A method for spatial-temporal forecasting with an application to real estate prices," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 229-246.
    2. Jooyong Shim & Changha Hwang, 2018. "Kernel-based geographically and temporally weighted autoregressive model for house price estimation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Natale Arcuri & Manuela De Ruggiero & Francesca Salvo & Raffaele Zinno, 2020. "Automated Valuation Methods through the Cost Approach in a BIM and GIS Integration Framework for Smart City Appraisals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Julia Koschinsky & Nancy Lozano-Gracia & Gianfranco Piras, 2012. "The welfare benefit of a home’s location: an empirical comparison of spatial and non-spatial model estimates," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 319-356, July.
    5. Sonia Yousfi & Jean Dubé & Diègo Legros & Sotirios Thanos, 2020. "Mass appraisal without statistical estimation: a simplified comparable sales approach based on a spatiotemporal matrix," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 64(2), pages 349-365, April.
    6. Steven Bourassa & Eva Cantoni & Martin Hoesli, 2007. "Spatial Dependence, Housing Submarkets, and House Price Prediction," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 143-160, August.
    7. Jean Dubé & Maha AbdelHalim & Nicolas Devaux, 2021. "Evaluating the Impact of Floods on Housing Price Using a Spatial Matching Difference-In-Differences (SM-DID) Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1, January.
    8. Hua Sun & Yong Tu & Shi-Ming Yu, 2005. "A Spatio-Temporal Autoregressive Model for Multi-Unit Residential Market Analysis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 155-187, September.
    9. Kenneth A. Small & Seiji S.C. Steimetz, 2012. "Spatial Hedonics And The Willingness To Pay For Residential Amenities," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(4), pages 635-647, October.
    10. R. Kelley Pace & Darren Hayunga, 2020. "Examining the Information Content of Residuals from Hedonic and Spatial Models Using Trees and Forests," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 170-180, February.
    11. E.-H. Yoo & P. Kyriakidis, 2009. "Area-to-point Kriging in spatial hedonic pricing models," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 381-406, December.
    12. Marco Salvi, 2008. "Spatial Estimation of the Impact of Airport Noise on Residential Housing Prices," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 144(IV), pages 577-606, December.
    13. Ingrid Nappi‐Choulet & Tristan‐Pierre Maury, 2011. "A Spatial And Temporal Autoregressive Local Estimation For The Paris Housing Market," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 732-750, October.
    14. Rohana Abdul Rahman, 2011. "Variations in Implementing SCM to Minimize Subjectivity and a Future Direction for Malaysia," ERES eres2011_178, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    15. Bing Zhu & Roland Füss & Nico Rottke, 2011. "The Predictive Power of Anisotropic Spatial Correlation Modeling in Housing Prices," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 542-565, May.
    16. Stanislav Endel & Marek Teichmann & Dagmar Kutá, 2020. "Possibilities of House Valuation Automation in the Czech Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-13, September.
    17. Dubin, Robin A., 1998. "Spatial Autocorrelation: A Primer," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 304-327, December.

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