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Norway and Europe: 1972 and Now

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  • INGRID SOGNER
  • CLIVE ARCHER

Abstract

The Norwegian electorate's rejection of European Union (EU) membership in November 1994 is seen here in the context of a struggle lasting 30 years or so within that country over its relations with the European integration process. The membership application by Norway to the EU is placed in the context of previous unfulfilled attempts to join the European Communities (EC), especially that terminated by a referendum in 1972. Relations with the EC since then are described, especially their culmination in the European Economic Area (EM) agreement. The negotiations with the EU are covered, as is the 1994 referendum campaign and its outcome. In the end, the 1994 vote, like that in 1972, reopened the old territorial and cultural cleavages in Norway.

Suggested Citation

  • Ingrid Sogner & Clive Archer, 1995. "Norway and Europe: 1972 and Now," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 389-410, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:33:y:1995:i:3:p:389-410
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00540.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Campos, Nauro F. & Coricelli, Fabrizio & Franceschi, Emanuele, 2022. "Institutional integration and productivity growth: Evidence from the 1995 enlargement of the European Union," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    2. Hyman, Richard, 2009. "Trade unions and “Europe”: are the members out of step?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 39848, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Richard Hyman, 2010. "Trade Unions and ‘Europe’: Are the Members out of Step?," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 14, European Institute, LSE.

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