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Devolution and decentralization in Wales and Brittany: a framework for evaluation

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  • Alistair Cole

Abstract

We set out in this article to deepen our understanding of processes of comparative regional governance by investigating two historic regions (Wales and Brittany) in two neighbouring European Union states. We offer a framework for analysis that combines criteria drawn from institutions, relationships, identities, political opportunity structures, and environmental constraints and opportunities. If Welsh devolution is above all shaped by the institutional avenues opened in the Government of Wales Act of 1998, regional capacity in Brittany is built upon a dense network of relationships and tested forms of horizontal and vertical linkage. Political opportunity structures are vital for understanding comparative regional dynamics, notably the political space available for the development of a regionalist party, the interlocking of regional and social movements and the structure of incentives for regional players to engage in local, regional, national or European games. The linkage between identity, territory and institutions is primordial for comparing regions, the Wales‐Brittany comparison suggesting that politicized identities do not necessarily add value to regional political institutions. Understanding regional governance also requires cognisance of the overarching environment: the importance of constitutional rules, mechanisms of financial transfer, inter‐institutional linkages, the capacity of central government to intervene in devolved areas, or the Europeanization of specific policy sectors. Cet article vise à approfondir notre compréhension des processus de gouvernance régionale comparative en étudiant deux régions historiques, Pays de Galles et Bretagne, situées dans deux pays voisins de l'Union européenne. Son cadre d'analyse combine des critàres propres aux institutions, relations, identités, structures d'ouvertures politiques, ainsi qu'aux contraintes et possibilités environnementales. Si la dévolution galloise est surtout configurée par les percées institutionnelles de la Loi de gouvernement du Pays de Galles de 1998, la force régionale de la Bretagne s'appuie sur un réseau serré de relations et de formes éprouvées de liens horizontaux et verticaux. Les structures d'opportunités politiques sont essentielles pour appréhender une dynamique régionale comparative, notamment l'espace politique disponible pour l'essor d'un parti régionaliste, l'entrelacs des mouvements sociaux et régionaux, et le cadre des mesures incitant les acteurs régionaux à s'impliquer dans des mécanismes locaux, régionaux, nationaux ou européens. Le lien entre identité, territoire et institutions est primordial dans ce travail, la comparaison Pays de Galles‐Bretagne suggérant que des identités politisées ne valorisent pas nécessairement les institutions politiques régionales. Comprendre la gouvernance régionale exige aussi une perception de l'environnement global: importance des règles constitutionnelles, jeux de transferts financiers, liens entre institutions, capacité du gouvernement central à intervenir dans des domaines décentralisés, ou européanisation de secteurs politiques particuliers.

Suggested Citation

  • Alistair Cole, 2004. "Devolution and decentralization in Wales and Brittany: a framework for evaluation," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 354-368, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:28:y:2004:i:2:p:354-368
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00523.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Keating, 1998. "The New Regionalism in Western Europe," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1193.
    2. Le Gales, Patrick, 2002. "European Cities: Social Conflicts and Governance," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199252787, Decembrie.
    3. Brown, Phillip & Green, Andy & Lauder, Hugh, 2001. "High Skills: Globalization, Competitiveness, and Skill Formation," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199244201, Decembrie.
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    1. Alistair Cole & Jean-Baptiste Harguindéguy & Ian Stafford & Romain Pasquier & Christian de Visscher, 2015. "States of Convergence in Territorial Governance," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 45(2), pages 297-321.

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