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Bioeconomy Transition Pathways – Potential Impacts for the EU Bio‐based Chemicals Sector

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  • George Philippidis
  • Robert M'barek
  • Willem‐Jan van Zeist

Abstract

The European Commission's Green Deal sets out a bold vision to meet the challenges of biodiversity protection and net‐zero emissions, whilst forging a pathway for a circular model of competitive growth and job creation. To achieve these multiple challenges, the bioeconomy has a key role to play, particularly in the deployment of biomass in higher value‐added industrial applications. To support evidence‐based policy modelling, the EU H2020 funded project BioMonitor represents a first step toward both improving data transparency, particularly in bio‐industrial activities, and the creation of a single toolbox for the purpose of performing integrated modelling assessments of the bioeconomy. Comparing with a baseline, this study presents results from a series of medium to long‐term bio‐based industry focused transition narratives. In particular, the focus is on the EU bio‐based chemicals sector employing results from an economy‐wide simulation model from the toolbox, called MAGNET. Publicly backed fiscal support policies, costing between 0.22–0.25% of EU GDP by 2050, generate notable improvements in EU bio‐based chemical sector production and employment generation, as well as synergetic production increases in advanced generation biofuels. There is evidence of decarbonisation in the EU bio‐based chemicals sector, although more tangible improvements are achieved with the implementation of accompanying climate‐ and sustainable bio‐energy policies. Le Pacte vert de la Commission européenne définit une vision audacieuse pour relever les défis de la protection de la biodiversité et de la neutralité carbone, tout en ouvrant la voie à un modèle circulaire de croissance compétitive et de création d'emplois. Pour relever ces multiples défis, la bioéconomie a un rôle clé à jouer, notamment dans le déploiement de la biomasse dans des applications industrielles à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Pour soutenir la modélisation de politiques fondée sur des données probantes, le projet BioMonitor, financé par le programme Horizon 2020 de l'Union européenne (UE), représente une première étape vers l'amélioration de la transparence des données, en particulier dans les activités bio‐industrielles, et vers la création d'une boîte à outils unique dans le but de réaliser des évaluations de modélisation intégrées de la bioéconomie. Par rapport à une situation de référence, cette étude présente les résultats d'une série de récits de transition axés sur l'industrie biosourcée à moyen et long terme. L'accent est mis en particulier sur le secteur européen des produits chimiques d'origine biologique en utilisant les résultats d'un modèle de simulation à l'échelle de l'économie de la boîte à outils, appelé MAGNET. Les politiques publiques de soutien budgétaire, qui coûteront entre 0.22 et 0.25 % du PIB de l'UE d'ici 2050, génèrent des améliorations notables dans la production du secteur chimique d'origine biologique et la création d'emplois dans l'UE, ainsi que des augmentations synergiques de la production de biocarburants de génération avancée. Une décarbonation s'observe dans le secteur européen des bioproduits chimiques, même si des améliorations plus tangibles sont obtenues grâce à la mise en œuvre de politiques d'accompagnement en matière de climat et de bioénergie durable. Der Green Deal der Europäischen Kommission stellt eine kühne Vision dar: den Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt und der Netto‐Null‐Emissionen und gleichzeitig einen Weg für ein Kreislaufmodell des wettbewerbsfähigen Wachstums und die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen zu finden. Um diese vielfältigen Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, kommt der Bioökonomie eine Schlüsselrolle zu, insbesondere beim Einsatz von Biomasse in industriellen Anwendungen, die eine höhere Wertschöpfung besitzen. Das von der EU im Rahmen von H2020 finanzierte Projekt BioMonitor unterstützt eine evidenzbasierte Politikmodellierung. Es soll zum einen die Datentransparenz, insbesondere im Bereich der bioindustriellen Aktivitäten, verbessern und zum anderen zu einem einheitlichen Instrumentarium für die Durchführung integrierter Modellierungsbewertungen der Bioökonomie beitragen. Im Vergleich zu einer Baseline werden in dieser Studie die Ergebnisse einer Reihe von mittel‐ bis langfristigen, auf die biobasierte Industrie ausgerichteten Übergangsszenarien vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem EU‐Sektor für biobasierte Chemikalien, wobei die Ergebnisse eines wirtschaftsweiten Simulationsmodells (MAGNET) verwendet werden. Öffentliche Maßnahmen, die bis 2050 zwischen 0.22 und 0.25 % des BIP der EU kosten, führen zu bemerkenswerten Verbesserungen der Produktion und der Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen im biobasierten Chemiesektor sowie zu synergetischen Produktionssteigerungen bei Biokraftstoffen der nächsten Generation. Es gibt Anzeichen für eine Dekarbonisierung des EU‐Sektors für biobasierte Chemikalien, obwohl greifbarere Verbesserungen mit der Umsetzung begleitender Klima‐ und nachhaltiger Bioenergiepolitiken erreicht werden.

Suggested Citation

  • George Philippidis & Robert M'barek & Willem‐Jan van Zeist, 2023. "Bioeconomy Transition Pathways – Potential Impacts for the EU Bio‐based Chemicals Sector," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(3), pages 28-36, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:22:y:2023:i:3:p:28-36
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12414
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