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Wrapped in the Flag: Food Choice and Country of Origin Labelling

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  • Iain Fraser
  • Kelvin Balcombe

Abstract

The growth in country of origin (COO) food labelling is part of the ongoing proliferation of information provided to consumers. However, the implementation of COO labelling means that consumers can sometimes end up more confused than informed. This concern raises questions regarding how COO information should be provided, along with what information needs to be given to consumers. We begin by discussing what COO actually indicates. This is followed by a review of the evidence on consumer use of COO information. Then turning to current policy issues, we draw attention to how COO information can be used to promote consumer ethnocentrism as well as inadvertently causing trade tensions both between trading countries and within the EU single market. We then consider how developments in information technology like blockchains or smart labels might change how COO information is collated and used. In particular, we observe that any increase in the use of this technology will depend on whether or not consumers trust these new digital sources of information. Potentially, the convenience with which COO information could be verified by consumers using information technology is a logical development given consumer demands for convenience in general. L'augmentation de l’étiquetage du pays d'origine (PDO) des aliments fait partie de la prolifération en cours des informations fournies aux consommateurs. Cependant, avec la mise en œuvre de l’étiquetage PDO, les consommateurs peuvent parfois se retrouver plus confus qu'informés. Ce problème soulève des questions sur la façon dont les informations sur le PDO doivent être fournies, ainsi que sur les informations à fournir aux consommateurs. Nous commençons par discuter ce que le PDO indique réellement, et poursuivons par un examen des connaissances sur l'utilisation par les consommateurs des informations sur le PDO. Passant ensuite aux questions de politique actuelles, nous attirons l'attention sur la manière dont les informations sur le PDO peuvent être utilisées pour promouvoir l'ethnocentrisme des consommateurs et provoquer par inadvertance des tensions commerciales entre les pays participants aux échanges et au sein du marché unique de l'Union européenne. Nous examinons ensuite comment les développements dans les technologies de l'information comme les blockchains ou les étiquettes intelligentes peuvent changer la façon dont les informations sur le PDO sont collectées et utilisées. En particulier, nous observons que toute augmentation de l'utilisation de cette technologie dépendra de la confiance des consommateurs dans ces nouvelles sources d'information numériques. Potentiellement, la facilité avec laquelle les informations sur le PDO pourraient être vérifiées par les consommateurs utilisant la technologie de l'information est un développement logique étant donné les demandes des consommateurs pour la facilité d'utilisation en général. Die vermehrte Ursprungslandkennzeichnung von Lebensmitteln ist Teil der zunehmenden Informationen für Verbraucher. Die Einführung einer solchen Kennzeichnung kann jedoch dazu führen, dass Verbraucher manchmal eher verwirrt als informiert werden. Dieses Problem wirft Fragen dazu auf, wie die Informationen zum Ursprungsland dargestellt werden sollten und welche Informationen den Verbrauchern zur Verfügung gestellt werden müssen. Wir beginnen mit einer Diskussion dazu, was die Ursprungslandkennzeichnung genau bedeutet. Des Weiteren geben wir einen Überblick darüber, inwiefern Verbraucher diese Informationen zum Ursprungsland nutzen. Dann wenden wir uns aktuellen politischen Themen zu und weisen darauf hin, wie Informationen zum Ursprungsland verwendet werden können, um den Ethnozentrismus der Verbraucher zu fördern und wie dabei unbeabsichtigt Spannungen zwischen Handelsländern und im EU‐Binnenmarkt aufgebaut werden. Auch prüfen wir, wie Entwicklungen in der Informationstechnologie, z. B. Blockchains oder Smart Labels, die Sammlung und Nutzung von Informationen zum Ursprungsland verändern können. Insbesondere stellen wir fest, dass die zunehmende Nutzung dieser Technologie davon abhängen wird, ob Verbraucher den neuen digitalen Informationsquellen vertrauen oder nicht. Möglicherweise ist die Einfachheit, mit der Informationen zum Ursprungsland von den Verbrauchern mit Hilfe der Informationstechnologie nachgeprüft werden könnten, eine logische Entwicklung in Hinblick auf die allgemeinen Convenience‐Wünsche der Verbraucher.

Suggested Citation

  • Iain Fraser & Kelvin Balcombe, 2018. "Wrapped in the Flag: Food Choice and Country of Origin Labelling," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 17(3), pages 37-42, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:17:y:2018:i:3:p:37-42
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12189
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    Cited by:

    1. Martina Chalupová & Stanislav Rojík & Hana Kotoučková & Lenka Kauerová, 2020. "Food Labels (Quality, Origin, and Sustainability): The Experience of Czech Producers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Yu-Hui Chen & Kai-Han Qiu & Kang Ernest Liu & Chun-Yuan Chiang, 2020. "Are Consumers Willing to Pay a Premium for Pure Rice Noodles? A Study of Discrete Choice Experiments in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Andrea Marchini & Chiara Riganelli & Francesco Diotallevi & Bianca Polenzani, 2021. "Label information and consumer behaviour: evidence on drinking milk sector," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-24, December.
    4. Kelvin Balcombe & Dylan Bradley & Iain Fraser, 2020. "The Economic Analysis of Consumer Attitudes Towards Food Produced Using Prohibited Production Methods: Do Consumers Really Care?," Studies in Economics 2004, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    5. Kelvin Balcombe & Dylan Bradley & Iain Fraser, 2021. "Do Consumers Really Care? An Economic Analysis of Consumer Attitudes Towards Food Produced Using Prohibited Production Methods," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(2), pages 452-469, June.
    6. Alexander J. Stein & Fabien Santini, 2022. "The sustainability of “local” food: a review for policy-makers," Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Springer, vol. 103(1), pages 77-89, March.

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