Alternatives to Master Plan as a Development Control Tool in Nigeria: A Review

The Master Plan has been the primary development control tool in Nigeria for many decades. However, it often falls short due to its rigid structure, high cost of creation, outdated content, and limited public participation. As urban areas continue to grow rapidly and informally, this plan struggles to keep up with the pace. This paper examines the limitations of Master Plans and evaluates alternative tools for development control such as Strategic Spatial Planning, Structure Plans, Local Development Plans, Development Guidelines, and Participatory Planning. These approaches offer more flexibility, faster implementation, and greater public participation. Case studies from cities like Lagos, Enugu, and Kaduna show how these alternatives can better address issues like informal settlements and infrastructure needs. The study also indicates the importance of public participation in achieving fair and sustainable development. In conclusion, the paper recommends revising planning laws, investing in professional training, improving institutions, and adopting more inclusive, locally informed planning practices. By doing so, Nigeria can move towards a more responsive and effective urban development control system that matches the rapid growth of its cities.