Social Component In The Modern National Innovation System

With the intensification of globalization processes and the high level of competition in international, regional and national markets, innovation has acquired the status of a major advantage for any country and has become the basis for ensuring its sustainable economic development. The use of new knowledge and technologies provides an opportunity to implement and intensify innovation and, as a result, to build an efficient and competitive innovation economy. Based on the above, the question arises of building a fundamentally new national innovation system, adapted to the socio-technological challenges, which should determine the competitive position of the national economy in the global arena. In this context, social capital, as a factor of readiness for technological transformations of the state and strengthening of competitive positions in the international markets, forms the basis for the expansion of research and transformation of the NIS. The purpose of the article is a theoretical substantiation of objective processes of transformation of NIS, taking into account modern trends and identifying the role and place of the social component in it. Given the fact that scientific and technological progress is an inevitable process, the relationship between the center and the periphery of the global economic system is characterized by unequal scientific and technological exchange, in which the peripheral countries are forced to pay intellectual rents contained in imported goods and services, as well as to act as a raw material and production appendage of the developed countries. The subject of the article is the transformation processes that take place in modern innovation systems under the influence of global challenges, as well as the social component, which is undoubtedly the driving force in the modern world for the promotion of domestic innovations, the development of high-tech business, and the increase of the level of technological readiness of society. The methodological basis of the study is the historical-logical method, the system-structural analysis of economic processes and phenomena, and the methods of qualitative comparison. Results. Social capital in NIS acts as a kind of litmus test, reflecting its efficiency and competitiveness, since the functionality and social role of the innovation system is expressed in providing society with innovations, technological goods, products and services that effectively satisfy the entire spectrum of human needs.