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Aiding troubled employees: The prevalence, cost, and characteristics of employee assistance programs in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Hartwell, T.D.
  • Steele, P.
  • French, M.T.
  • Potter, F.J.
  • Rodman, N.F.
  • Zarkin, G.A.

Abstract

Objectives. Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are job-based programs designed to identify and assist troubled employees. This study determines the prevalence, cost, and characteristics of these programs in the United States by worksite size, industry, and census region. Methods. A stratified national probability sample of more than 6400 private, nonagricultural US worksites with 50 or more full-time employees was contacted with a computer-assisted telephone interviewing protocol. More than 3200 worksites responded and were eligible, with a response rate of 90%. Results. Approximately 33% of all private, nonagricultural worksites with 50 or more full-time employees currently offer EAP services to their employees, an 8.9% increase over 1985. These programs are more likely to be found in larger worksites and in the communications/utilities/transportation industries. The most popular model is an external provider, and the median annual cost per eligible employee for internal and external programs was $21.83 and $18.09, respectively. Conclusions. EAPs are becoming a more prevalent point of access to health care for workers with personal problems such as substance abuse, family problems, or emotional distress.

Suggested Citation

  • Hartwell, T.D. & Steele, P. & French, M.T. & Potter, F.J. & Rodman, N.F. & Zarkin, G.A., 1996. "Aiding troubled employees: The prevalence, cost, and characteristics of employee assistance programs in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 86(6), pages 804-808.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1996:86:6:804-808_0
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    Cited by:

    1. Melanie Millar & Roger M. White & Xin Zheng, 2023. "Substance Abuse and Workplace Fraud: Evidence from Physicians," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 183(2), pages 585-602, March.
    2. Araújo, José & Pestana, Gabriel, 2017. "A framework for social well-being and skills management at the workplace," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 718-725.
    3. Simone T. A. Phipps & Leon C. Prieto, 2016. "A Discovery of Early Labor Organizations and the Women who Advocated Work–Life Balance: An Ethical Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 134(2), pages 249-261, March.
    4. French, Michael T. & Dunlap, Laura J. & Zarkin, Gary A. & Karuntzos, Georgia T., 1998. "The costs of an enhanced employee assistance program (EAP) intervention," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 227-236, May.
    5. Peter A. Bamberger & Linda H. Donahue, 1999. "Employee Discharge and Reinstatement: Moral Hazards and the Mixed Consequences of Last Chance Agreements," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 53(1), pages 3-20, October.
    6. Michael T. French & Gary A. Zarkin & Laura J. Dunlap, 1998. "Illicit Drug Use, Absenteeism, And Earnings At Six U.S. Worksites," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 16(3), pages 334-346, July.

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