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Health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone usage among male-to-female transgender persons in New York City

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  • Sanchez, N.F.
  • Sanchez, J.P.
  • Danoff, A.

Abstract

Objectives. We investigated health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone use among male-to-female transgender persons residing in New York City to determine whether current care is in accord with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health and the goals of Healthy People 2010. Methods. We conducted interviews with 101 male-to-female transgender persons from 3 community health centers in 2007. Results. Most participants reported having health insurance (77%; n=78) and seeing a general practitioner in the past year (81%; n=82). Over 25% of participants perceived the cost of medical care, access to specialists, and a paucity of transgender-friendly and transgender-knowledgeable providers as barriers to care. Being under a physician's care was associated with high-risk behavior reduction, including smoking cessation (P=.004) and obtaining needles from a licensed physician (P=.002). Male-to-female transgender persons under a physician's care were more likely to obtain hormone therapies from a licensed physician (P

Suggested Citation

  • Sanchez, N.F. & Sanchez, J.P. & Danoff, A., 2009. "Health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone usage among male-to-female transgender persons in New York City," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(4), pages 713-719.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.132035_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.132035
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    1. White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Reisner, Sari L. & Pachankis, John E., 2015. "Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 222-231.
    2. Poteat, Tonia & German, Danielle & Kerrigan, Deanna, 2013. "Managing uncertainty: A grounded theory of stigma in transgender health care encounters," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 22-29.
    3. C. Riley Hostetter & Jarrod Call & Donald R. Gerke & Brendon T. Holloway & N. Eugene Walls & Jennifer C. Greenfield, 2022. "“We Are Doing the Absolute Most That We Can, and No One Is Listening”: Barriers and Facilitators to Health Literacy within Transgender and Nonbinary Communities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Gabriel J. Tanenbaum & LaTasha R. Holden, 2023. "A Review of Patient Experiences and Provider Education to Improve Transgender Health Inequities in the USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Megan E. Sutter & Meghan L. Bowman‐Curci & Luisa F. Duarte Arevalo & Steven K. Sutton & Gwendolyn P. Quinn & Matthew B. Schabath, 2020. "A survey of oncology advanced practice providers’ knowledge and attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities with cancer," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(15-16), pages 2953-2966, August.
    6. Theo Beltran & Amani M. Allen & Jess Lin & Caitlin Turner & Emily J. Ozer & Erin C. Wilson, 2019. "Intersectional Discrimination Is Associated with Housing Instability among Trans Women Living in the San Francisco Bay Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-11, November.
    7. Sari L Reisner & Jaclyn M W Hughto, 2019. "Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, August.
    8. Athena D F Sherman & Monique S Balthazar & Gaea Daniel & Kalisha Bonds Johnson & Meredith Klepper & Kristen D Clark & Glenda N Baguso & Ethan Cicero & Kisha Allure & Whitney Wharton & Tonia Poteat, 2022. "Barriers to accessing and engaging in healthcare as potential modifiers in the association between polyvictimization and mental health among Black transgender women," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(6), pages 1-25, June.
    9. Joseph G. L. Lee & Adam O. Goldstein & Leah M. Ranney & Jeff Crist & Anna McCullough, 2011. "High Tobacco Use among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations in West Virginian Bars and Community Festivals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-12, July.
    10. Clark, Kirsty A. & White Hughto, Jaclyn M. & Pachankis, John E., 2017. "“What's the right thing to do?” Correctional healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes and experiences caring for transgender inmates," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 80-89.
    11. Shanna K. Kattari & Jarrod Call & Brendon T. Holloway & Leonardo Kattari & Kristie L. Seelman, 2021. "Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Accessing a Trans Knowledgeable Primary Care Physician," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-14, December.
    12. Erin Ziegler & Ruta Valaitis & Nancy Carter & Cathy Risdon & Jennifer Yost, 2020. "Primary Care for Transgender Individuals: A Review of the Literature Reflecting a Canadian Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, September.
    13. Wang, Thelma, 2024. "Sex reconfigured: DIY hormone therapy and vernacular endocrinology in transfeminine communities in China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 353(C).
    14. Wall, Catherine S.J. & Patev, Alison J. & Benotsch, Eric G., 2023. "Trans broken arm syndrome: A mixed-methods exploration of gender-related medical misattribution and invasive questioning," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    15. Tiffany F Ho & Brian Zenger & Bayarmaa Mark & Laurel Hiatt & Erika Sullivan & Benjamin A Steinberg & Ann Lyons & Adam M Spivak & Cori Agarwal & Marisa Adelman & James Hotaling & Bernadette Kiraly & Sh, 2024. "Characteristics of a transgender and gender-diverse patient population in Utah: Use of electronic health records to advance clinical and health equity research," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(5), pages 1-20, May.

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