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Risk factors for long-term homelessness: Findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults

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  • Caton, C.L.M.
  • Dominguez, B.
  • Schanzer, B.
  • Hasin, D.S.
  • Shrout, P.E.
  • Felix, A.
  • McQuistion, H.
  • Opler, L.A.
  • Hsu, E.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined risk factors for long-term homelessness among newly homeless men and women who were admitted to New York City shelters in 2001 and 2002. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 377 study participants upon entry into the shelter and at 6-month intervals for 18 months. Standardized assessments of psychiatric diagnosis, symptoms, and coping skills; social and family history; and service use were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to examine the association between baseline assessments and duration of homelessness. Results. Eighty-one percent of participants returned to community housing during the follow-up period; the median duration of homelessness was 190 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a shorter duration of homelessness was associated with younger age, current or recent employment, earned income, good coping skills, adequate family support, absence of a substance abuse treatment history, and absence of an arrest history. Cox regression showed that older age group (P

Suggested Citation

  • Caton, C.L.M. & Dominguez, B. & Schanzer, B. & Hasin, D.S. & Shrout, P.E. & Felix, A. & McQuistion, H. & Opler, L.A. & Hsu, E., 2005. "Risk factors for long-term homelessness: Findings from a longitudinal study of first-time homeless single adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(10), pages 1753-1759.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2005.063321_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.063321
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    Cited by:

    1. Ellen C Rowlands Snyder & Lisa M Boucher & Ahmed M Bayoumi & Alana Martin & Zack Marshall & Rob Boyd & Sean LeBlanc & Mark Tyndall & Claire E Kendall, 2021. "A cross-sectional study of factors associated with unstable housing among marginalized people who use drugs in Ottawa, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Rosanna Scutella & Guy Johnson, 2012. "Locating and Designing 'Journeys Home': A Literature Review (Journeys Home: A Longitudinal Study of Factors Affecting Housing Stability)," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2012n11, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    3. Jonathan Stiles & Michael J. Smart, 2021. "Working at home and elsewhere: daily work location, telework, and travel among United States knowledge workers," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2461-2491, October.
    4. Brackertz, Nicola & Huang, Donna & Davison, Jim & Hayward, Richard Donald, 2018. "Housing, homelessness and mental health: towards systems change," SocArXiv 48ujp, Center for Open Science.
    5. Mzwandile A. Mabhala & Asmait Yohannes, 2019. "Being at the Bottom Rung of the Ladder in an Unequal Society: A Qualitative Analysis of Stories of People without a Home," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Mikaela D. Gabriel & Sabina Mirza & Suzanne L. Stewart, 2022. "Exploring Mental Health and Holistic Healing through the Life Stories of Indigenous Youth Who Have Experienced Homelessness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Kimberly A. Rollings & Christina S. Bollo, 2021. "Permanent Supportive Housing Design Characteristics Associated with the Mental Health of Formerly Homeless Adults in the U.S. and Canada: An Integrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-37, September.
    8. Alícia Parés-Bayerri & Fran Calvo & Sílvia Font-Mayolas & Sonia Panadero & José Juan Vázquez, 2023. "Differences in Drug Use among Persons Experiencing Homelessness According to Gender and Nationality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-16, February.
    9. Anita Hubley & Lara Russell & Anita Palepu & Stephen Hwang, 2014. "Subjective Quality of Life Among Individuals who are Homeless: A Review of Current Knowledge," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(1), pages 509-524, January.
    10. DiGuiseppi, Graham & Clomax, Adriane & Rampton Dodge, Jessica & Rice, Eric, 2021. "Social network correlates of education and employment service use among youth experiencing homelessness: A longitudinal study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    11. repec:mpr:mprres:6375 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Angelina L. DeMarco & Rebecca Hardenbrook & Jeff Rose & Daniel L. Mendoza, 2020. "Air Pollution-Related Health Impacts on Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Environmental Justice and Health Vulnerability in Salt Lake County, Utah," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-16, November.
    13. Lars Benjaminsen, 2016. "Homelessness in a Scandinavian welfare state: The risk of shelter use in the Danish adult population," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(10), pages 2041-2063, August.
    14. Julia R. Woodhall-Melnik & James R. Dunn, 2016. "A systematic review of outcomes associated with participation in Housing First programs," Housing Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 287-304, April.
    15. Lin-Yun Wang & Lan-Ping Lin & Yun-Cheng Chen & Tai-Wen Wang & Jin-Ding Lin, 2020. "Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Homeless Adults Using the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, July.
    16. Kimberly A. Rollings, 2022. "Engaging U.S. Adults with Serious Mental Illness in Participatory Design Research Exercises," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-20, May.
    17. Gesthika Kaltsidis & Guy Grenier & Zhirong Cao & Marie-Josée Fleury, 2020. "Change in Housing Status among Homeless and Formerly Homeless Individuals in Quebec, Canada: A Profile Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    18. Barbara Straaten & Gerda Rodenburg & Jorien Laan & Sandra N. Boersma & Judith R. L. M. Wolf & Dike Mheen, 2018. "Changes in Social Exclusion Indicators and Psychological Distress Among Homeless People Over a 2.5-Year Period," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 291-311, January.
    19. Jacqueline Kauff & Jonathan Brown & Norma Altshuler & Noelle Denny-Brown & Emily Sama Martin, "undated". "Findings from a Study of the SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access and Recovery (SOAR) Initiative," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 52d74a2c7c5947e58ddad7022, Mathematica Policy Research.
    20. Alexander Dymond & Grace Branjerdporn, 2021. "Factors associated with homelessness referrals for an acute young adult psychiatric unit," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(6), pages 713-719, September.

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