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The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Olivetti

    (Department of Economics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
    National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138)

  • Barbara Petrongolo

    (School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
    Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom)

Abstract

Women in developed economies have made major advancements in labor markets throughout the past century, but remaining gender differences in pay and employment seem remarkably persistent. This article documents long-run trends in female employment, working hours, and relative wages for a wide cross section of developed economies. It reviews existing work on the factors driving gender convergence, and novel perspectives on remaining gender gaps. Finally, the article emphasizes the interplay between gender trends and the evolution of the industry structure. Based on a shift-share decomposition, it shows that the growth in the service share can explain at least half of the overall variation in female hours, both over time and across countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Olivetti & Barbara Petrongolo, 2016. "The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 405-434, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:anr:reveco:v:8:y:2016:p:405-434
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    female employment; gender gaps; industry structure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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