Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w gospodarce Indii

Two periods can be distinguished in the history of India since it won independence: 1947-1990 and 1991-2018. Until 1990 the Indian economy was highly centralised and autarkic. This kind of policy did not produce positive results. The growth rate in that period ranged from 3 to 4 percent and was one of the lowest in Asia. In 1991, sweeping reforms were carried out based on liberalising and deregulating the economy. Since then economic growth has accelerated significantly. In 1991-2017 only China outperformed India in terms of GDP growth. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most vital factors conducive to the rapid development and modernisation of India’s economy. India has moved up to third position among countries with the largest influx of FDI in Asia, behind only China and Singapore. Every year 4 to 8 percent of India’s overall capital expenditure comes from foreign investors. In 2017, India accounted for 1.2 percent of the global accumulated FDI stock. Foreign direct investment in India is allocated to cutting-edge services and industry sectors. Enterprises from highly developed countries lead the way among investors in India.