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Fad: Sen-Bowbrick Encounter and Conceptual Complexity

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  • Elahi, Khandakar Qudrat-I

Abstract

FAD is an acronym for “Food Availability Decline.” Amartya Sen coined this acronym in 1976 to introduce a novel theory to explain the causation process of famines in Africa and South Asia during the 20th century, which is famously known as the “Entitlement Approach to Famine Analysis (EAFA).” In 1981, he published a monograph, Poverty and Famine: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, to consolidate his famine philosophy. EAFA is genuinely a novel. Naturally, it provoked colossal literature that examined its theoretical and practical virtues. Unfortunately, the controversy over Sen’s famine philosophy did not die down over this long period of time. One suspected reason is that Sen did not clarify FAD’s meaning unambiguously, i.e., he left some space for his readers to interpret the term differently. Sen admirers and critics seem to have overlooked this suspicion, although it clearly surfaced in the Sen-Bowbrick in 1986. This debate resulted from Sen’s reply to Bowbrick’s critical article published in The Journal of Peasant Studies. Based on their debates, this article analyses two questions: What is FAD? What does it denote: a “secular” or “temporary” decline in food supply? The paper concludes that Sen’s FAD concept can be given different interpretations. More specifically, his understanding of FAD as a secular decline in food availability is inconsistent with the definition of famine, which means mass death in an area due to starvation and related diseases. Sen’s study of four gruesome famines suffered in the last century corroborates this conclusion. The controversy concerning Sen’s FAD criticism seems more a semantic matter than an intellectual one.

Suggested Citation

  • Elahi, Khandakar Qudrat-I, 2024. "Fad: Sen-Bowbrick Encounter and Conceptual Complexity," Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, vol. 44(01&2), November.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:bdbjaf:348166
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.348166
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sen, Amartya, 1987. "Reply: Famine and Mr Bowbrick," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 10-14, February.
    2. Amartya Sen, 1981. "Ingredients of Famine Analysis: Availability and Entitlements," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 96(3), pages 433-464.
    3. Bowbrick, Peter, 2022. "Entitlement and food availability decline (FAD) – the use of fraud and abuse in famine economics," MPRA Paper 115133, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Sen, Amartya, 1986. "The causes of famine : A reply," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 125-132, May.
    5. Sen, Amartya K, 1977. "Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and Its Application to the Great Bengal Famine," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 1(1), pages 33-59, March.
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