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The Effects of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in the Romanian Energy Sector: A Firm-Level and Sectoral Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu

    (Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania and National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania)

  • Alina Mihaela Dima

    (Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania)

  • Marina Diana Agafitei

    (Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania and National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania)

  • Vasile Alecsandru Strat

    (Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has played an innovative and robust role in the global energy sector, being associated with improved economic performance and environmental sustainability. In Romania, where AI adoption in the energy sector remains limited, a research opportunity arises to evaluate its potential impact. This study aimed to analyse the economic and environmental effects of AI adoption among the country s main energy companies. An AI Adoption Score was developed by extracting and processing information from media sources and the scientific literature, enabling the classification of firms according to their degree of technological engagement. This score was then employed in a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model to estimate firm-level financial impacts, with the results subsequently integrated into a Leontief Input-Output model to capture the effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The analysis covered 36 companies, representing 87% of Romania s total energy sector turnover. The findings indicated an average revenue increase of 42.8% and a 32.64% reduction in GHG emissions, reflecting direct, indirect, and induced effects. The study also revealed that large firms with substantial capital resources leveraged AI benefits more effectively, suggesting a link between available resources and the magnitude of gains achieved. Overall, the results highlight AI as a dual-purpose instrument capable of supporting both decarbonisation and innovation strategies. Policymakers are, therefore, encouraged to prioritise inclusive policies that can maximise Romania s technological potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu & Alina Mihaela Dima & Marina Diana Agafitei & Vasile Alecsandru Strat, 2025. "The Effects of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in the Romanian Energy Sector: A Firm-Level and Sectoral Analysis," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(S19), pages 1365-1365, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:aes:amfeco:v:27:y:2025:i:s19:p:1365
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Savastano Marco & Spremić Mario & Stojcic Nebojsa & Gobbi Laura, 2024. "Digital economy: towards a conceptual research framework based on bibliometric and in-depth analyses," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 19(2), pages 275-306.
    2. Ibrahim Adeiza Ahmed & Paul Boadu Asamoah, 2024. "AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Energy Infrastructure," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(9), pages 507-528, September.
    3. Dobos, Imre & Floriska, Adel, 2007. "The resource conservation effect of recycling in a dynamic Leontief model," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1-2), pages 334-340, July.
    4. Davidescu, Adriana AnaMaria & Popovici, Oana Cristina & Strat, Vasile Alecsandru, 2022. "Estimating the impact of green ESIF in Romania using input-output model," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Mahmood, Gohar & Ditta, Allah & Ramzan, Muhammad & Abbas, Zahid, 2024. "Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption and Digital Transformation in Enhancing Sustainable Business Performance: The Mediating Effect of Green Product Innovation," Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, CSRC Publishing, Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy Pakistan, vol. 10(4), pages 519-532, December.
    6. Alina Dima, 2025. "New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(S19), pages 1253-1253, November.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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