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Integration Costs and Missing Women in Firms around the World

Author

Listed:
  • Conrad Miller
  • Jennifer Peck
  • Mehmet Seflek

Abstract

Where social norms favor gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. If the costs of integration are largely fixed, firms will integrate only if their expected number of female employees under integration exceeds some threshold. We use the distribution of female employment to estimate the share of firms with binding integration costs. Using global survey data, we find evidence for these binding integration costs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia but not in other regions. We also show that the intensity of gender segregation preferences is correlated with these integration costs in the MENA region.

Suggested Citation

  • Conrad Miller & Jennifer Peck & Mehmet Seflek, 2022. "Integration Costs and Missing Women in Firms around the World," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 578-582, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:112:y:2022:p:578-82
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20221084
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    Cited by:

    1. Eger, Claudia & Fetzer, Thiemo & Peck, Jennifer & Alodayni, Saleh, 2022. "Organizational, economic or cultural? Firm-side barriers to employing women in Saudi Arabia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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