Understanding Climate Anxiety Among Urban Youth in Pakistan A Mixed-Methods Study Across Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad

Climate anxiety, a growing psychological response to environmental crises, is increasingly recognized among children and young people (CYP), particularly in the Global South. This study investigates the prevalence, determinants, and psychological impacts of climate anxiety among urban youth in Pakistan through a mixed-methods approach. A total of 300 participants aged 15–24 from Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad were surveyed using a structured questionnaire based on the Climate Anxiety Scale (CAS), supplemented with qualitative interviews. Results indicate that 71% of respondents reported moderate to high levels of climate anxiety, with significantly higher scores among females and individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Qualitative findings revealed recurring themes of helplessness, frustration with governmental inaction, and disrupted future aspirations. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong correlations between eco-anxiety and generalized anxiety (r = .62), depression (r = .59), and stress (r = .66), affirming its broader psychological implications. While the majority expressed concern about climate change, only a small portion reported accessing mental health support. The study also found meaning-focused coping—such as community engagement and environmental education—to be associated with greater resilience. These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally contextualized mental health interventions, climate education, and policy action to address youth climate anxiety in Pakistan.