Molecular characterization of Deciphering Fungal Community structure in Zea mays L. and Triticum Aestivum L

Rhizosphere fungi are strongly associated with plant growth and health by providing nutrients and antagonizing pathogens. Commercially, fungus has multipurpose applications in several sectors including beverages, food items and in medicines. Current study aimed to reveal the core fungal community structure of the two leading cereal crops that are Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. The rhizosphere fungal community was explored via morphology, biochemistry and internal transcribe spacer (ITS) metagenomics. On the basis of morphology, the retrieved fungal strains were imprecisely classified into Ascomycota and Zygomycota. The species including Yeast, Botyritis californica, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum canis were identified on the basis of macroscopy and microscope. Moreover, the biochemical characterization depicted the role of fungi in promotion of plant growth. Majority of the isolates depicted catalase activity, indole production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, nitrogenase activity and urease activity. Metagenomics using amplicon sequencing of ITS region revealed the presence of 805 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with 647 OTUs in Zea mays and 620 OTUs in Triticum aestivum. The fungal phyla found in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota, Incertae sedis fungi. Ascomycota accounted for 93% and 95% of classified fungi in rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. respectively. The dominant species found in the rhizosphere soil of Zea mays were Gibberella intricans, Curvularia lunata, Lepidosphaeria nicotiae, Edenia gomezpompae and Myrothecium verrucaria.