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A counterfactual decomposition analysis of immigrants-natives earnings in Malaysia

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  • Anees, Muhammad
  • Sajjad, Muhammad
  • Ahmed, Ishfaq

Abstract

Economics of discrimination has been the topic of interest of many in the last decade or two. Human capital theory describes wage determination as a function of labour human capital and should be determined based on marginal productivity theorem of labour economics. Islamic theology also dictates paying labour well in time and equal to their productivity not based on his colour, race, gender, nationality health status and other non-economic factors. The current study analyses the immigrants-natives wage gap to find the extent of potential discrimination against the immigrants. Using employees' level data from the Enterprise Surveys by the World Bank in 2007, standard Oaxaca-Blinder technique and Machado-Mata counterfactual decomposition is applied. Findings indicate an existence of earning's differential in favour of natives or the Malaysian citizens and immigrants have a disadvantage. On the other hand, the differential increases until the middle of income distribution and the start declining. It suggests higher-income groups have a low level of discriminatory disadvantage. Labour market productivity could be increased if this differential is reduced, which motivates the employees. --

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Paper provided by Kiel Institute for the World Economy in its series Economics Discussion Papers with number 2011-51.

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Date of creation: 2011
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Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201151

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Keywords: Labour market discrimination; Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition; Machado-Mata decomposition; quantile regression; earnings differential; enterprise survey; World Bank; Malaysia;

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  1. F. L. Jones, 1983. "On Decomposing the Wage Gap: A Critical Comment on Blinder's Method," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 18(1), pages 126-130.
  2. Thomsen, Stephan L. & Gernandt, Johannes & Aldashev, Alisher, 2008. "The Immigrant Wage Gap in Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-089, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research.
  3. Westergaard-Nielsen, Niels & Harmon, Colm & Walker, Ian, 2001. "Introduction [to Education and earnings in Europe : a cross country analysis of the returns to education]," Open Access publications from University College Dublin urn:hdl:10197/757, University College Dublin.
  4. Cotton, Jeremiah, 1988. "On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(2), pages 236-43, May.
  5. Ken Clark & Joanne Lindley, 2006. "Immigrant Labour Market Assimilation and Arrival Effects: Evidence from the UK Labour Force Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 2228, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  6. Westergaard-Nielsen, Niels & Harmon, Colm & Walker, Ian, 2001. "Education and earnings in Europe : a cross country analysis of the returns to education," Open Access publications from University College Dublin urn:hdl:10197/674, University College Dublin.
  7. Robert J. R. Elliott & Joanne K. Lindley, 2008. "Immigrant wage differentials, ethnicity and occupational segregation," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 171(3), pages 645-671.
  8. Dolton, P J & Makepeace, G H, 1986. "Sample Selection and Male-Female Earnings Differentials in the Graduate Labour Market," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 317-41, July.
  9. Shoshana Neuman & Ronald Oaxaca, 2004. "Wage Decompositions with Selectivity-Corrected Wage Equations: A Methodological Note," Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 3-10, April.
  10. Chiswick, Barry R, 1980. "The Earnings of White and Coloured Male Immigrants in Britain," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 47(185), pages 81-87, February.
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