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Protection and trade in services : a survey

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Author Info
Hoekman, Bernard
Primo Braga, Carlos A.

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Abstract

Until recently, trade in services was mostly ignored by iinternational economists, reflecting a perception that services were nontradable. This has never been true. Transportation and travel, for example, have always been important economic activities. In 1995, services trade climbed to a 20-percent share of global trade -no doubt an underestimate, as the most dynamic component of trade in services is telecommunications, which is not being properly captured in conventional balance of payment statistics. The authors survey the literature on trade in services, focusing on thepolicies used to restrict such trade, the gains from liberalization, and the institutional mechanisms adopted in pursuit of liberalization. They argue that technological progress (which makes services more tradable) and iinternational trade negotiations are likely to keep liberalization of trade in services a high-profile policy issue. They suggest that research focus on developing better estimates of the welfare costs of protectionism in the service sector. This will require quantifying barriers to the international exchange of services.

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Paper provided by The World Bank in its series Policy Research Working Paper Series with number 1747.

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Date of creation: 30 Apr 1997
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Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:1747

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Keywords: Environmental Economics&Policies; Health Economics&Finance; Payment Systems&Infrastructure; Economic Theory&Research; Decentralization; Health Economics&Finance; ICT Policy and Strategies; Knowledge Economy; Environmental Economics&Policies; Economic Theory&Research;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Hoekman, Bernard, 1992. "Conceptual and Political Economy Issues in Liberalizing International Transactions in Services," CEPR Discussion Papers 666, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Robert Ford & Wim Suyker, 1990. "Industrial Subsidies in the OECD Economies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 74, OECD, Economics Department. [Downloadable!]
  3. Bennathan, E. & Escobar, L. & Panagakos, G., 1989. "Deregulation Of Shipping - What Is To Be Learned From Chile," World Bank - Discussion Papers 67, World Bank.
  4. Kessides, C., 1993. "Institutional Options for Provision of Infrastructure," World Bank - Discussion Papers 212, World Bank.
  5. Hindley, Brian, 1988. "Service Sector Protection: Considerations for Developing Countries," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 205-24, May.
  6. Francois, Joseph & Reinert, Kenneth A, 1995. "The Role of Services in the Structure of Production and Trade: Stylized Facts from a Cross-Country Analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 1228, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Binswanger, Hans P. & Khandker, Shahidur R. & Rosenzweig, Mark R., 1993. "How infrastructure and financial institutions affect agricultural output and investment in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 337-366, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Hallett Andrew Hughes & Braga C. A. Primo, 1994. "The New Regionalism and the Threat of Protectionism," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 388-421, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  9. Hoekman, B. & Sauve, P., 1995. "Liberalizing Trade in Services," World Bank - Discussion Papers 243, World Bank.
  10. Hill, Alice & Abdala, Manuel Angel & DEC, 1993. "Regulation, institutions, and commitment : privatization and regulation in the Argentine telecommunications sector," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1216, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  11. Mackie-Mason, J.K. & Varian, H.R., 1993. "Pricing the Internet," Memorandum 20/1993, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
    Other versions:
  12. Deardoff, A.V. & Brown, D.K. & Stern, R.M. & Fox, A.K., 1995. "Computational Analysis of Goods and Services Liberalization in the Uruguay Round," Working Papers 379, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
  13. Blomstrom, Magnus & Lipsey, Robert E., 1989. "US multinationals in Latin American service industries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 17(11), pages 1769-1776, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Joseph F, et al Francois, 1996. "Commercial Policy and the Domestic Carrying Trade," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 29(1), pages 181-98, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Henk Kox & Arjan Lejour, 2005. "Regulatory heterogeneity as obstacle for international services trade," CPB Discussion Papers 49, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  2. Lawrence J. White, 2007. "Reducing Barriers to Services Trade: The U.S. Case," Working Papers 07-8, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Daniela Di Cagno & Valentina Meliciani, 2005. "Do inter-sectoral flows of services matter for productivity growth? an input/output analysis of OECD countries," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 149-171, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Lawrence White, 2002. "International Trade In Services: More Than Meets the Eye," Working Papers 02-13, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Bernard Hoekman & Aaditya Mattoo, 2000. "Services, economic development and the next round of negotiations on services," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(2), pages 283-296.
  6. Soon-Chan Park, 2002. "Measuring Tariff Equivalents in Cross-Border Trade in Services," Trade Working Papers 353, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  7. Mattoo, Aaditya & Rathindran, Randeep & Subramanian, Arvind, 2001. "Measuring services trade liberalization and its impact on economic growth : an illustration," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2655, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  8. Harms, Philipp & Mattoo, Aaditya & Schuknecht, Ludger, 2003. "Explaining liberalization commitments in financial services trade," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2999, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. Henk Kox & Arjan Lejour, 2004. "A different approach to WTO negotiations in services," CPB Discussion Papers 36, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  10. Arjan Lejour, . "Quantifying four scenarios for Europe," CPB Documents 38, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  11. Drusilla K. Brown & Robert M. Stern, 2000. "Measurement and Modeling of the Economic Effects of Trade and Investment Barriers in Services," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University 0001, Department of Economics, Tufts University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Arjan Lejour & Paul Veenendaal & Gerard Verweij & Nico van Leeuwen, 2006. "Worldscan; a model for international economic policy analysis," CPB Documents 111, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  13. Rashmi Banga, 2005. "Trade and foreign direct investment in services: A review," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi Working Papers 154, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India. [Downloadable!]
  14. Robert Stern, 2005. "The Place of Services in the World Economy," Working Papers 530, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan. [Downloadable!]
  15. Fulvio Castellacci, 2007. "Innovation in Norway in a European Perspective," Working Papers on Innovation Studies 20070609, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo. [Downloadable!]
  16. Claessens, Stijn & Glaessner, Tom, 1998. "The internationalization of financial services in Asia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1911, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  17. Rashmi Banga, 2005. "Critical issues in India's services-led growth," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi Working Papers 171, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India. [Downloadable!]
  18. repec:bep:glecon:5:2007:2:3 is not listed on IDEAS
  19. Nico van Leeuwen & Arjan Lejour, 2006. "Bilateral Services Trade Data and the GTAP database," CPB Memoranda 160, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  20. repec:bep:buspol:5:2004:3:1078-1078 is not listed on IDEAS
  21. Alan V. Deardorff & Robert M. Stern, 2003. "Empirical Analysis of Barriers to International Services Transactions and the Consequences of Liberalization," Working Papers 505, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan. [Downloadable!]
  22. Joseph Francois & Julia Woerz, 2007. "Producer Services, Manufacturing Linkages, and Trade," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 07-045/2, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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