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Circulation of Private Notes during a Currency Shortage

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Author Info
Xavier Cuadras Morató ()

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Abstract

This paper provides a search theoretical model that captures two phenomena that have characterized several episodes of monetary history: currency shortages and the circulation of privately issued notes. As usual in these models, the media of exchange are determined as part of the equilibrium. We characterize all the different equilibria and specify the conditions under which there is a currency shortage and/or privately issued notes are used as means of payment. There is multiplicity of equilibria for the entire parameter space, but there always exist an equilibrium in which notes circulate, either alone or together with coins. Hence, credit is a self-fulfilling phenomenon that depends on the beliefs of agents about the acceptability and future repayment of notes. The degree of circulation of coins depends on two crucial parameters, the intrinsic utility of holding coins and the extent with which it is possible to find exchange opportunities in the market.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra in its series Economics Working Papers with number 811.

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Date of creation: Mar 2005
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Handle: RePEc:upf:upfgen:811

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Web page: http://www.econ.upf.edu/

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Related research
Keywords: money; notes; search; credit; currency shortage;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
E40 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - General
D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search, Learning, and Information

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  1. Y. Jin & T. Temzelides, 1999. "On the Local Interaction of Money and Credit," Macroeconomics 9905001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Townsend, Robert M, 1989. "Currency and Credit in a Private Information Economy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(6), pages 1323-44, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Freeman, Scott, 1996. "Clearinghouse banks and banknote over-issue," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 101-115, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Wallace, Neil & Zhou, Ruilin, 1997. "A model of a currency shortage," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 555-572, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Bullard, James & Smith, Bruce D., 2003. "Intermediaries and payments instruments," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 172-197, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Bullard, James & Smith, Bruce D., 2003. "The value of inside and outside money," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 389-417, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Bernhardt, Dan, 1989. "Money and Loans," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(1), pages 89-100, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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