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Gender differences in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania

Author

Listed:
  • Kwadwo Opoku
  • Francisco M.P. Mugizi
  • Emmanuel Adu Boahen

Abstract

This paper uses the latest Tanzania labour force survey—the Integrated Labour Force Survey—and a censored bivariate probit model to analyse gender differences in labour force participation and gender bias in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania. Our findings indicate that, compared to men, women are less likely to participate in the labour market and less likely to get formal wage employment, suggesting the existence of gender bias in the labour market in urban areas of Tanzania.

Suggested Citation

  • Kwadwo Opoku & Francisco M.P. Mugizi & Emmanuel Adu Boahen, 2021. "Gender differences in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-99, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    • Handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2021-99
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Meng, Chun-Lo & Schmidt, Peter, 1985. "On the Cost of Partial Observability in the Bivariate Probit Model," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 26(1), pages 71-85, February.
    2. Paul Schultz, T., 2003. "Wage rentals for reproducible human capital: evidence from Ghana and the Ivory Coast," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 1(3), pages 331-366, December.
    3. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2017. "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(3), pages 789-865, September.
    4. Wambui R. Wamuthenya, 2010. "Determinants of Employment in the Formal and Informal Sectors of the Urban Areas of Kenya," Working Papers 194, African Economic Research Consortium, Research Department.
    5. Guifu Chen & Shigeyuki Hamori, 2014. "Bivariate Probit Analysis of the Differences Between Male and Female Formal Employment in Urban China," SpringerBriefs in Economics, in: Rural Labor Migration, Discrimination, and the New Dual Labor Market in China, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 65-76, Springer.
    6. Madhu Mohanty, 2002. "A bivariate probit approach to the determination of employment: a study of teen employment differentials in Los Angeles County," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(2), pages 143-156.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Labour force participation; Formal; Regression analysis; Gender; Discrimination; Tanzania;
    All these keywords.

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