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The Effect of COVID-19 on Foreign Direct Investment

Author

Listed:
  • Hayakawa, Kazunobu

    (Institute of Developing Economies)

  • Lee, Hyun-Hoon

    (Kangwon National University)

  • Park, Cyn-Young

    (Asian Development Bank)

Abstract

This study empirically examines how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted foreign direct investment (FDI), using the quarterly data on bilateral FDI flows from 173 home to 192 host countries from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2021. We measure the severity of COVID-19 damage using three indicators—the number of confirmed cases, the number of deaths, and the stringency index of government policies that restrict people’s activities. We also differentiate FDI flows via two different entry modes—greenfield FDI and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We find heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 impacts on FDI by sector and entry mode. The severity of COVID-19 in host countries adversely affected FDI in the manufacturing sector regardless of the entry mode, but the effect of home countries’ COVID-19 situation on FDI was insignificant. On the other hand, in the service sector, the severity of COVID-19 in both host and home countries has significantly negative impact on greenfield FDI, not on cross-border M&A.

Suggested Citation

  • Hayakawa, Kazunobu & Lee, Hyun-Hoon & Park, Cyn-Young, 2022. "The Effect of COVID-19 on Foreign Direct Investment," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 653, Asian Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbewp:0653
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas Hale & Noam Angrist & Rafael Goldszmidt & Beatriz Kira & Anna Petherick & Toby Phillips & Samuel Webster & Emily Cameron-Blake & Laura Hallas & Saptarshi Majumdar & Helen Tatlow, 2021. "A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker)," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 529-538, April.
    2. Yingjie Fu & Antonio Alleyne & Yifei Mu, 2021. "Does Lockdown Bring Shutdown? Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Foreign Direct Investment," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(10), pages 2792-2811, August.
    3. Julio, Brandon & Yook, Youngsuk, 2016. "Policy uncertainty, irreversibility, and cross-border flows of capital," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 13-26.
    4. Nocke, Volker & Yeaple, Stephen, 2007. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions vs. greenfield foreign direct investment: The role of firm heterogeneity," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 336-365, July.
    5. Nagesh Kumar, 1994. "Determinants of Export Orientation of Foreign Production by U.S. Multinationals: An Inter-Country Analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 25(1), pages 141-156, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mojtaba Hajian Heidary, 2022. "A system dynamics model of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and foreign direct investment in the global supply chain," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. LIANG, Licheng, 2023. "Resilience of Japanese Multinational Enterprises' Production Networks during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Discussion Paper Series 742, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    3. Martin Paul Jr. Tabe-Ojong & Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo & Bisrat Haile Gebrekidan, 2023. "COVID-19 and food insecurity in Africa: A review of the emerging empirical evidence," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 50(3), pages 853-878.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; greenfield FDI; cross-border M&A;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development

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