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Panel Data Analysis with Stata Part 1 Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models

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  • Pillai N., Vijayamohanan

Abstract

The present work is a part of a larger study on panel data. Panel data or longitudinal data (the older terminology) refers to a data set containing observations on multiple phenomena over multiple time periods. Thus it has two dimensions: spatial (cross-sectional) and temporal (time series). The main advantage of panel data comes from its solution to the difficulties involved in interpreting the partial regression coefficients in the framework of a cross-section only or time series only multiple regression. Depending upon the assumptions about the error components of the panel data model, whether they are fixed or random, we have two types of models, fixed effects and random effects. In this paper we explain these models with regression results using a part of a data set from a famous study on investment theory by Yehuda Grunfeld (1958), who tried to analyse the effect of the (previous period) real value of the firm and the (previous period) real capital stock on real gross investment. We consider mainly three types of panel data analytic models: (1) constant coefficients (pooled regression) models, (2) fixed effects models, and (3) random effects models. The fixed effects model is discussed under two assumptions: (1) heterogeneous intercepts and homogeneous slope, and (2) heterogeneous intercepts and slopes. We discuss all the relevant statistical tests in the context of all these models.

Suggested Citation

  • Pillai N., Vijayamohanan, 2016. "Panel Data Analysis with Stata Part 1 Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models," MPRA Paper 76869, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:76869
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lillard, Lee A & Willis, Robert J, 1978. "Dynamic Aspects of Earning Mobility," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(5), pages 985-1012, September.
    2. Frees,Edward W., 2004. "Longitudinal and Panel Data," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521828284.
    3. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    4. Nerlove,Marc, 2005. "Essays in Panel Data Econometrics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521022460.
    5. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    6. Arellano, Manuel, 2003. "Panel Data Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199245291.
    7. Frees,Edward W., 2004. "Longitudinal and Panel Data," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521535380.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Smyth, Russell & Farrell, Lisa, 2020. "Fuel poverty and subjective wellbeing," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Panel data; pooled regression; fixed effects; random effects; Hausman test; Grunfeld data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
    • C8 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
    • C87 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Econometric Software

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