The Static and Dynamic Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Productivity in The period Post-Subprime Crise: An Empirical Application to the Banking Sector in the European Union

This article aims to detect the dynamic effect of M & A of European banks on productivity during the period from 2005 to 2013. The estimation of our model by the GMM method allowed us to detect the following results. First, in the long term, the European banking structure seems to be submitted to the convergence phenomenon which means that the banking industry will probably governed by monopolistic structures which will share the market equally or nearly equal. Second, the production factors (labour and capital), had positive and significant effects on the banking product. However, the returns to scale are found to be decreasing as long as the sum of the labour coefficient (0.317) of fixed assets (0,132) and liquid assets (0.351) is less than unity. Third, the time had exerted a negative and significant effect on production which questions the validity of the chosen period characterized by the advent of the subprime crisis. Fourthly, the M & A had a significant positive instantaneous effect on production of banks which allows us to affirm that in a pessimistic environment; it seems that the M & A strategies can be effective solutions to overcome the crisis. Fifth, the dynamic effects of M & A are positive and significant on production which means that the advantage of said M & A appears better in the long term as long as in this time horizon the merged banks are more able to realize their mergers reducing the cost of restructuring and to release more than returns to scale.