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Reichtum in Deutschland: Hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung

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  • Merz, Joachim

Abstract

Die Verteilung des gesellschaftlichen Reichtums ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Entwicklung eines Landes. Unabhängig von der jeweiligen wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Sicht ist die Einkommensverteilung ein wichtiger Baustein zur Erklärung von Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigungsentwicklung. Der vorliegende Einkommensverteilungsbeitrag beleuchtet die Situation der Einkommens-Reichen. Fundierte Informationen über hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung werden erstmals auf der Basis der anonymisierten individuellen Datensätze der Einkommensteuerstatistik 1995 vorgestellt. Eingebettet in die Verteilungsanalyse über das gesamte Einkommensspektrum konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf die Verteilung und Umverteilung hoher Einkommen mit unterschiedlichen Reichtumsabgrenzungen für Selbständige und abhängig Beschäftigte. Zudem wird die sozioökonomische Struktur der Reichen im Vergleich zu den Nicht-Reichen beschrieben. Die Signifikanz der konkurrierenden Erklärungsfaktoren für die Wahrscheinlichkeit reich zu sein wird abschließend mit einem multivariaten PROBIT-Ansatz aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Dieses Papier ist eine revidierte und komprimierte Version meines Beitrags zum ersten Reichtums- und Armutsbericht der Bundesregierung.

Suggested Citation

  • Merz, Joachim, 2002. "Reichtum in Deutschland: Hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung," MPRA Paper 5992, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:5992
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Sen, Amartya, 1979. " Issues in the Measurement of Poverty," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 81(2), pages 285-307.
    4. Joachim Merz & Thorsten Quiel & Kshama Venkatarama, 1998. "Wer bezahlt die Steuern? Steuerbelastung und Einkommenssituation von Freien und anderen Berufen," FFB-Discussionpaper 24, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
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    9. Merz, Joachim & Faik, Jürgen, 1994. "Equivalence Scales Based on Revealed Preference Consumption Expenditure Microdata - The Case of West Germany," MPRA Paper 16297, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Atkinson, Anthony B., 1970. "On the measurement of inequality," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 244-263, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanglberger, Dominik & Merz, Joachim, 2011. "Are Self-Employed Really Happier Than Employees? An Approach Modelling Adaptation and Anticipation Effects to Self-Employment and General Job Changes," IZA Discussion Papers 5629, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Joachim Merz & Tim Rathjen, 2011. "Intensity of Time and Income Interdependent Multidimensional Poverty: Well-Being and Minimum 2DGAP – German Evidence," FFB-Discussionpaper 92, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    3. Merz, Joachim, 1993. "Market and Non-market Labor Supply and Recent German Tax Reform Impacts - Behavioral Response in a Combined Dynamic and Static Microsimulation Model," MPRA Paper 7235, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Joachim Merz & Henning Stolze, 2010. "Kumulation von Querschnitten - Evaluierung alternativer Konzepte für die kumulierten laufenden Wirtschaftsrechnungen 1999 bis 2003 im Vergleich zur Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe 2003," FFB-Discussionpaper 85, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    5. Merz, Joachim & Lang, Rainer, 1997. "Preferred vs. Actual Working Hours - A Ten Years Paneleconometric Analysis for Professions, Entrepreneurs and Employees in Germany," MPRA Paper 7142, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Patricia Eilsberger & Markus Zwick, 2011. "Geschlechterspezifische Einkommensunterschiede bei Selbständigen als Freiberufler und Gewerbetreibende im Vergleich zu abhängig Beschäftigten – Ein empirischer Vergleich auf der Grundlage steuerstatis," FFB-Discussionpaper 93, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    7. Merz, Joachim & Stolze, Henning, 2010. "Cumulation of Cross-Section Surveys: Evaluation of Alternative Concepts for the Cumulated Continuous Household Budget Surveys (LWR) 1999 until 2003 Compared to the Sample Survey of Income and Expendit," IZA Discussion Papers 5072, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Dominik Hanglberger, 2011. "Does Job Satisfaction Adapt to Working Conditions? An Empirical Analysis for Rotating Shift Work, Flextime,and Temporary Employment in UK," FFB-Discussionpaper 87, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    9. Joachim Merz & Tim Rathjen, 2011. "Zeit- und Einkommensarmut von Freien Berufen und Unternehmern," FFB-Discussionpaper 89, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    10. Rafael Rucha, 2011. "Hat eine freiwillige Mitgliedschaft in Berufsverbänden einen Effekt auf das Einkommen von Freiberuflern? – Eine Panelanalyse für Deutschland," FFB-Discussionpaper 94, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    11. Tim Rathjen, 2011. "Do Time Poor Individuals Pay More?," FFB-Discussionpaper 91, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    12. Dominik Hanglberger, 2011. "Arbeitszufriedenheit im internationalen Vergleich," FFB-Discussionpaper 86, Research Institute on Professions (Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe (FFB)), LEUPHANA University Lüneburg.
    13. Joachim Merz & Dominik Hanglberger & Rafael Rucha, 2010. "The Timing of Daily Demand for Goods and Services—Microsimulation Policy Results of an Aging Society, Increasing Labour Market Flexibility, and Extended Public Childcare in Germany," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 33(2), pages 119-141, June.
    14. Binder, Jan & Schwengler, Barbara, 2006. "Korrekturverfahren zur Berechnung der Einkommen über der Beitragsbemessungsgrenze," IAB-Discussion Paper 200604, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reichtum; Hohe Einkommen; Einkommensverteilung; Umverteilung; Einkommensteuerstatistik; Selbständige und abhängig Beschäftigte;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • J39 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Other

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