Perhaps the most important change of the last century was the great expansion of life itself -- in the US alone, life expectancy increased from 48 to 78 years. Recent economic estimates confirm this claim, finding that the economic value of the gain in longevity was on par with the value of growth in material well-being, as measured by income per capita. However, ever since Malthus, economists have recognized that demographic changes are linked to economic behavior and vice versa. Put simply, living with others who live 78 years is different than living with others who live only 48 years, so that valuing the extra 30 years of life is not simply a matter of valuing the extra years a single individual lives. The magnitude by which such valuations differ is overstated when there are increasing returns to population and is understated under decreasing returns. Focusing on the gains in life expectancy in the United States from 1900 to 2000, we find that a significant part of the value of longer life may be affected by these general equilibrium demographic effects.
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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number
14157.
Length: Date of creation: Jul 2008 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14157
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Find related papers by JEL classification: I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - General Welfare J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics J17 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Value of Life; Foregone Income O1 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
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