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Export Assistance: A Literature Review And Challenges For Future Research

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  • Flávia de Holanda Schmidt
  • Jorge Ferreira da Silva

Abstract

Strengthening commitments for export assistance and establishing comprehensive programs to expand export activities of firms are part of the public policies in almost all developed and developing countries. Not only have governments increased the amounts devoted to these actions in recent decades, but the number of support agencies for export has tripled in the context of developing national strategies for global exports. Despite the fact that contributions on the subject have been on the agenda of many authors for over thirty years, conceptual and ethodological disagreement persists as to the effects and impacts of the adoption of export programs on the performance of the recipient firms. Considering (i) that government resources are scarce and require a major effort for optimal allocative efficiency, and (ii) that, as such, public policies must be strongly grounded on the evidence, a significant body of empirical studies devoted to the understanding of export support has recently been developed in the area of International Business. The aim of this paper is to assess the current status of issues related to the promotion of exports and to develop a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, based on a survey of the empirical studies on the subject published between 1992 and 2011. All 25 identified articles were coded according to the same method of analysis, based on objective criteria. The analysis indicates that the production has evolved between the two subperiods surveyed, both in quantity and quality, and evidences an evolution over the period analyzed, especially in relation to the diversification of the loci of research, the adoption of more robust statistical techniques, and the advent of longitudinal studies. Certain limitations, however, were still observed, even in more recent studies, and in these cases, several recommendations for researchers are made. O fortalecimento do compromisso com a assistência à exportação e o estabelecimento de programas completos para aumentar a atividade exportadora das firmas são parte das políticas públicas de quase todos os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Nas últimas décadas, não apenas houve aumento dos valores dedicados pelos governos a essas ações como o número de agências de apoio à exportação triplicou no contexto do desenvolvimento de estratégias nacionais de exportações em todo o mundo. A despeito de contribuição sobre o tema já estar presente na agenda de muitos autores há mais de trinta anos, aspectos metodológicos e conceituais contribuíram para que, ainda na atualidade, persistam divergências sobre os efeitos e impactos da adoção de programas de apoio à exportação no desempenho exportador das firmas apoiadas. Considerando que os recursos governamentais são escassos e exigem o máximo de esforços para a melhor eficiência alocativa e que, dessa forma, políticas públicas precisam ser fortemente baseadas em evidências, quantidade significativa de estudos empíricos dedicados ao entendimento do apoio à exportação foi desenvolvida recentemente na área de Negócios Internacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contemplar o estado atual das questões ligadas à promoção de exportações e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de maior entendimento sobre o fenômeno, a partir de uma revisão dos trabalhos empíricos sobre o tema publicados entre 1992 e 2011. O ano de 1992 foi estabelecido como referência para o início do período porque o trabalho de Diamantopoulos, Schlegelmilch e Tse (1993), última revisão sobre o tema identificada, englobou o período compreendido entre 1971 e 1991. Todos os 25 artigos identificados foram codificados de acordo com um mesmo método de análise, baseado em critérios objetivos. A análise feita indica que a produção evoluiu entre os dois subperíodos analisados em quantidade e em qualidade, e evidencia progresso ao longo do período total, especialmente em relação à diversificação dos loci de pesquisa, à adoção de técnicas estatísticas mais robustas e ao advento de estudos longitudinais. Algumas limitações, entretanto, ainda foram constatadas mesmo em estudos mais recentes e, nesses casos, algumas recomendações para os pesquisadores são feitas. Considerando que o apoio à exportação é uma das áreas em que a pesquisa em Negócios Internacionais pode gerar maiores contribuições simultaneamente úteis para os gestores de políticas públicas e para os practitioners, espera-se que as questões apontadas sejam úteis para o desenvolvimento de melhores investigações empíricas sobre o tema no futuro

Suggested Citation

  • Flávia de Holanda Schmidt & Jorge Ferreira da Silva, 2015. "Export Assistance: A Literature Review And Challenges For Future Research," Discussion Papers 0191, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0191
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Silviya Georgieva, 2020. "Support for Improving the International Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 1, pages 164-183, March.

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