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Infraestructura, regímenes de competencia y costos del transporte aéreo: elementos de juicio de varios países

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Alejandro Micco
Tomas Serebrisky

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) La importancia de los costos del transporte ha venido aumentando a medida que la apertura económica continúa reduciendo las barreras artificiales al comercio internacional. Los países necesitan adoptar políticas que les permitan `acercarse` a los mercados mundiales. ¿Es posible reducir los costos del transporte mediante el mejoramiento de la infraestructura y la normativa? ¿Conviene poner en práctica políticas destinadas a aumentar la competencia en los mercados de transporte? Este trabajo se concentra en el transporte aéreo, el cual aumentó su participación en las importaciones de EE. UU. de 24% en 1990 a 35% en 2000, para cuantificar los efectos de la infraestructura, la calidad de la normativa y la apertura de los mercados del transporte aéreo de carga sobre los costos del transporte. Durante los años 90, EE. UU. suscribió una serie de acuerdos de `cielos abiertos`, los cuales han propiciado una oportunidad única para evaluar los efectos de un cambio en el régimen de competencia sobre los precios. Hallamos que la infraestructura, la calidad de la normativa y la competencia sí importan. En nuestra muestra, una mejora de la infraestructura aeroportuaria de 75% a 25% hace disminuir los costos del transporte aéreo en 15%. Una mejora similar de la calidad de la normativa hace disminuir los costos del transporte aéreo en 14%. Además, los acuerdos de `cielos abiertos` hacen reducir los costos del transporte aéreo en 8%.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4370.

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Date of creation: Jul 2004
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4370

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  1. Overman, Henry G. & Redding, Stephen J & Venables, Anthony J., 2001. "The Economic Geography of Trade Production and Income: A Survey of Empirics," CEPR Discussion Papers 2978, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Stephen Redding & Anthony J. Venables, 2003. "Geography and Export Performance: External Market Access and Internal Supply Capacity," NBER Working Papers 9637, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Robert C. Feenstra, 1996. "U.S. Imports, 1972-1994: Data and Concordances," NBER Working Papers 5515, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Alejandro Micco & Ernesto Stein & Guillermo OrdoÒez, 2003. "The currency union effect on trade: early evidence from EMU," Economic Policy, CEPR, CES, MSH, vol. 18(37), pages 315-356, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Deardorff, Alan V., 1984. "Testing trade theories and predicting trade flows," Handbook of International Economics, in: R. W. Jones & P. B. Kenen (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 10, pages 467-517 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Carsten Fink & Aaditya Mattoo & Ileana Cristina Neagu, 2002. "Trade in International Maritime Services: How Much Does Policy Matter?," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 81-108, June.
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  7. Choi, E Kwan & Harrigan, James, 2004. "Handbook of International Trade," Staff General Research Papers 11375, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
  8. Clark, Ximena & Dollar, David & Micco, Alejandro, 2004. "Port efficiency, maritime transport costs, and bilateral trade," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 417-450, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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