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Infraestructura, regímenes de competencia y costos del transporte aéreo: elementos de juicio de varios países

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  • Alejandro Micco
  • Tomas Serebrisky

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) La importancia de los costos del transporte ha venido aumentando a medida que la apertura económica continúa reduciendo las barreras artificiales al comercio internacional. Los países necesitan adoptar políticas que les permitan `acercarse` a los mercados mundiales. ¿Es posible reducir los costos del transporte mediante el mejoramiento de la infraestructura y la normativa? ¿Conviene poner en práctica políticas destinadas a aumentar la competencia en los mercados de transporte? Este trabajo se concentra en el transporte aéreo, el cual aumentó su participación en las importaciones de EE. UU. de 24% en 1990 a 35% en 2000, para cuantificar los efectos de la infraestructura, la calidad de la normativa y la apertura de los mercados del transporte aéreo de carga sobre los costos del transporte. Durante los años 90, EE. UU. suscribió una serie de acuerdos de `cielos abiertos`, los cuales han propiciado una oportunidad única para evaluar los efectos de un cambio en el régimen de competencia sobre los precios. Hallamos que la infraestructura, la calidad de la normativa y la competencia sí importan. En nuestra muestra, una mejora de la infraestructura aeroportuaria de 75% a 25% hace disminuir los costos del transporte aéreo en 15%. Una mejora similar de la calidad de la normativa hace disminuir los costos del transporte aéreo en 14%. Además, los acuerdos de `cielos abiertos` hacen reducir los costos del transporte aéreo en 8%.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Micco & Tomas Serebrisky, 2004. "Infraestructura, regímenes de competencia y costos del transporte aéreo: elementos de juicio de varios países," Research Department Publications 4370, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4370
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    References listed on IDEAS

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